DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Considerations of Countermeasure Tasks in the Fields of Forest and Forestry in Korea through Case Study on "The Nagoya Protocol (Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing)"

"유전자원의 접근과 이익공유(ABS)" 사례연구를 통한 국내 산림·임업분야 대응과제 고찰

  • Lee, Gwan Gyu (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Jun Soon (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Jung, Haw young (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • 이관규 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학) ;
  • 김준순 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학) ;
  • 정화영 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학)
  • Received : 2011.05.27
  • Accepted : 2011.07.11
  • Published : 2011.09.30

Abstract

The aim of this study is to draw forth the tasks for establishing the right of native biology in Korea through the case study on 'Access on genetic resources and Benefit Sharing'. For this purpose, this study decided on its research subject by selecting Hoodia, on which ABS treaty was made the most recently, through the examination of the representative ABS precedents on plant species. This study analyzed the process background of ABS on Hoodia, and compared & analyzed the ABS procedures of 'Bonn Guidelines' adopted by the 6th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2002 and Hoodia case. Together with the ABS major issues in common drawn as a result of this analysis, and "Nagoya Protocol" adopted by the 10th Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity, this study intended to shed a light on the impending tasks which Korea faces at present and its role relationship. The research results are as follows: 1. It is required that species habitats should be divided based on biological classification and its subsequent community should be established with the development of infrastructure such as a community's independent production, management and monitoring of bio-species. 2. There needs to be a designation of ABS National Focal Point for sharing of ABS-related general information, boosting of implementation of the relevant convention. 3. There needs to be the establishment of ABS convention system consequent on legislative, administrative, political procedures, and designation of the Competent National Authorities for the provision of the format of Prior Informed Consent (PIC) and Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) and their contents assessment and confirmation. 4. There should be the establishment of integrated management system of ABS-related research and development of forest biological resources and its relevant research projects. 5. There should be information development through the distribution of responsibility and role between the ministries and offices concerned according to bio-resources, and there needs to be efforts in aiming for opening a working group of academic-industrial institutions for developing a mutually interchangeable system. 6. It's required that the efficient access between industrial circles and the people should be promoted by setting up ABS support center of biological resources in ministry and office's charge. 7. There should be a selection of a national supervisory organization for securement of the right of a local community and monitoring of ABS convention implementation, and a countermeasure system for preventing outflow of forest bioresources. Conclusively, it's judged that it will be possible to inquire into the countermeasures for the establishment of the native forest biology dominion through such research results.

본 연구의 목적은 ABS 사례연구를 통해 우리나라 산림 임업 분야 대응정책과제를 도출하는 것이다. 식물종에 대한 대표적인 ABS 선례 조사를 통해 가장 최근 ABS 협정이 이루어진 후디아를 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 후디아 ABS 진행배경을 분석하였고, 2002년 CBD COP6 회의에서 선정된 '본 가이드라인'의 ABS 절차와 후디아 사례를 비교분석하였다. 분석결과 도출된 ABS 주요공통사항과 2010년 CBD COP10 회의에서 선정된 '나고야의정서'와 함께 우리나라가 현재 당면해 있는 과제 및 역할관계를 조명하고자 하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 종 서식지를 생물분류별로 나누어 그에 따른 지역공동체를 설립하고 지역 주체적 생산, 관리, 감시 등의 기반시설을 조성하여야 할 것이다. 2. 전반적인 ABS 관련 정보공유, 관련협약 이행증진 및 모니터링을 위한 ABS 국가연락기관이 지정되어야 할 것이다. 3. 입법적, 행정적, 정책적 절차에 따른 ABS 협약체계 구축, PIC 및 MAT 양식제공 및 내용평가 확인을 위한 국가책임기관의 지정이 필요할 것이다. 4. ABS 관련 산림생물자원의 연구개발 및 관련 연구사업의 통합적 관리시스템이 구축되어야 할 것이다. 5. 생물자원별 소관 부처간 책임 및 역할분배를 통한 정보개발이 이루어져야 할 것이며 상호간 호환성 있는 시스템 개발을 위한 산학연구기관의 워킹그룹개설을 지향되어야 할 것이다. 6. 부처별 담당생물자원의 ABS 지원센터를 설립하여 산업계와 국민의 효율적인 접근을 도모해야 할 것이다. 7. 지역공동체 권리확보, ABS 협약 이행의 모니터링을 위한 국가감시기관의 선정과 국내 산림생물자원 해외유출 방지를 위한 대응체계가 구축되어야 할 것이다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 우리나라 자생산림생물주권확립을 위한 대응방안을 모색할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. 박정미. 2010. 전통지식과 생물유전자원의 접근 및 이익공유(ABS). 전통지식 발굴DB구축 및 보호 방안 세미나 자료집. 특허청 주관. pp. 11-23.
  2. 신원혜. 2010. ABS와 특허. 생물자원 이용, 국제 규범을 논하다! - 유전자원의 접근 및 이익공유(ABS) 제2차 인식제고 세미나 자료집. 환경부 주관. pp. 51-68.
  3. 신지연, 양대승, 이철남, 정신웅. 2010. 신지식재산권의 동향조사 및 효율적 정책 대응 방안. 특허청 보고서.
  4. 유주영. 2010. Access and benefit-sharing: Types of dispute & checklist before entering into an agreement. 생물유전자전의 접근 및 이익공유(ABS) 국제세미나 자료집. 환경부 주관. pp. 64-72.
  5. 정성춘, 권기수, 이형근, 윤미경. 2009. 유전자원 접근 및 이익공유 영향분석 및 대응체계 구축연구. 환경부 보고서.
  6. 정성춘. 2010. 나고야 의정서의 주요 내용과 의미. 오늘의 세계경제 10(18): 1-8.
  7. 환경부. 2009. 국가생물다양성전략 및 이행계획.
  8. 환경부. 2010. ABS Guidebook -본 가이드라인에 기초한 생물유전자원의 접근 및 이익공유 지침서.
  9. Australia Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. 2011. Australia's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy.
  10. Crouch, N.R., Douwes, E., Wolfson, M.M., Smith, G.F. and Edwards, T.J. 2008. South Africa's bioprotecting, access and benefit-sharing legislation: Current realities, future complications, and a proposed alternative. South African Journal of Science 104(9): 355-366.
  11. Convention on Biological Diversity Article 15.
  12. Dutfield, G. 2005. Thinking aloud on Disclosure of Origin. Quaker United Nations Office (QUNO) Occasional Paper 18.
  13. Environment Canada. 2009. Canada's 4th National Report to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
  14. European Union. 2009. Fourth National Report of the European Community to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
  15. Henne, G., Liebig, K., Drews, A. and Plan, T. 2003. Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS): An Instrument for Poverty Alleviation - Proposals for an International ABS Regime. German Development Institute research paper.
  16. International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2007. ABS Management Tool - Best practice standard and Handbook for implementing genetic resource access and benefit-sharing activities. the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO. Swiss Confederation.
  17. Laird, S. and Wynberg, R. 2008. Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships Across Sectors. CBD Technical Series 38(2): 83-89.
  18. Mathambo Nagakaeja. 2006. An Overview of the San Hoodia ABS Experience. The Eight meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP8) - The Third meeting of the Conference of the Parties (MOP3).
  19. Mayet, M. 2010. Biopiracy under fire: The pelargonium patent hearing. A Briefing paper by the African Center for Biosafety.
  20. Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India. 2009. India's Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
  21. Oli, K.P., Feyerabend, G.B. and Lassen, B. 2010. Towards an access and benefit sharing framework agreement for the genetic resources and traditional knowledge of the hindu kush-himalayn region. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.
  22. Porzecanski, A. L., Sears, R., Grant, T., Putzel, L., Davalos, L., Barnes, T., Cross, H., Raygorodetsky, G., Simmons, B. and Chasek, P. 1999. Access to genetic resources: An evaluation of the Development and implementation of recent regulation and access agreements. Columbia university school of international and public affairs. Environmental Policy Studies Workshop. Columbia University. pp. 17-61.
  23. Republic of Philippines. 2009. Assessing progress towards the 2010 biodiversity target: The 4th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
  24. South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). 2009. South Africa's fourth National Report to The Convention on Biological Diversity.
  25. South African Patent No. 983170.
  26. The Ministry of the Environment of Japan (MOEJ). 2008. The Third National Biodiversity Strategy of Japan.
  27. The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD). 2010. National Focal Points.
  28. The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD). 2002. Bonn guidelines on access to genetic resources and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their utilization.
  29. Vermeylen, S. 2007. Contextualizing 'fair' and 'equitable': The san's reflecting on the hoodia benefit-sharing agreement. Local environment 12(5): 423-436.
  30. Wynberg, R. 2004. Rhetoric, Realism and Benefit-Sharing Use of Traditional Knowledge of Hoodia Species in the Development of an Appetite Suppressant. The Journal of World Intellectual Property 7(6): 851-876.
  31. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). 2008. Case Study Hoodia Plant. Intellectual Property (IP) research paper.
  32. Wynberg, R. 2003. A review of benefit-sharing arrangement for biodiversity prospecting in South Africa. In Developing Access and Benefit Sharing Legislation in South Africa. A Review of international and National Experiences. IUCN.
  33. Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA). 2004. WIMSA annual report.
  34. Working Group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa (WIMSA). 2005. WIMSA annual report.