Survey of Technical Parameters for Pediatric Chest X-ray Imaging by Using Effective DQE and Dose

유효검출양자효율과 선량을 이용한 소아 흉부 X-선 영상의 기술적인 인자에 관한 조사

  • Park, Hye-Suk (Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Yonsei University) ;
  • Kim, Ye-Seul (Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Yonsei University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Tae (Department of Radiological Science, Hanlyo University) ;
  • Park, Ok-Seob (Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center) ;
  • Jeon, Chang-Woo (Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Joung (Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Yonsei University)
  • 박혜숙 (연세대학교 보건과학대학 방사선학과) ;
  • 김예슬 (연세대학교 보건과학대학 방사선학과) ;
  • 김상태 (한려대학교 방사선학과) ;
  • 박옥섭 (서울의료원 영상의학과) ;
  • 전창우 (서울대학교병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 김희중 (연세대학교 보건과학대학 방사선학과)
  • Received : 2011.09.20
  • Accepted : 2011.11.15
  • Published : 2011.12.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various technical parameters for the dose optimization in pediatric chest radiological examinations by evaluating effective dose and effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) including the scatter radiation from the object, the blur caused by the focal spot, geometric magnification and detector characteristics. For the tube voltages ranging from 40 to 90 kVp in 10 kVp increments at the FDD of 100, 110, 120, 150, 180 cm, the eDQE was evaluated at the same effective dose. The results showed that the eDQE was largest at 60 kVp when compares the eDQE at different tube voltage. Especially, the eDQE was considerably higher without the use of an anti-scatter grid on equivalent effective dose. This indicates that the reducing the scatter radiation did not compensate for the loss of absorbed effective photons in the grid. When the grid is not used the eDQE increased with increasing FDD because of the greater effective modulation transfer function (eMTF). However, most of major hospitals in Korea employed a short FDD of 100 cm with an anti-scatter grid for the chest radiological examination of a 15 month old infant. As a result, the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) values for the hospitals of this survey exceeded the Korean DRL (diagnostic reference level) of $100{\mu}Gy$. Therefore, appropriate technical parameters should be established to perform pediatric chest examinations on children of different ages. The results of this study may serve as a baseline to establish detailed reference level of pediatric dose for different ages.

본 연구에서는 피사체에 의한 산란, 초점에 의한 흐림, 기하학적 확대도 그리고 검출기의 특성이 반영된 유효검출양자효율(effective detective quantum efficiency, eDQE)과 유효선량을 평가하여 소아 흉부 X선 촬영 시 선량의 최적화를 위한 조사조건의 영향을 평가하였다. 100, 110, 120, 150, 180 cm의 FDD (focus-to-detector distance)일 때 관전압을 40 kVp에서 90 kVp까지 10 kVp씩 증가시켜가며 동일한 유효선량일 때 eDQE를 평가하였다. 그 결과 eDQE는 다른 관전압과 비교 시60 kVp에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 특히, 동일한 유효선량일 때 그리드가 없을 경우 상대적으로 매우 높은 eDQE를 나타냈다. 이는 그리드에 의한 산란선의 감소가 그리드에서 흡수된 유효 광자의 손실을 보상하지 못하기 때문이다. 그리드 가 없을 경우 FDD가 증가할수록 향상된 유효변조전달함수(effective modulation transfer function, eMTF)로 인하여 eDQE는 증가하였다. 국내 대형병원들의 대부분은 15개월 소아의 흉부 X선 촬영 시 그리드와 함께 100 cm의 짧은 FDD를 사용하고 있다. 그 결과 대부분의 경우는 국내 환자선량권고량(diagnostic reference level, DRL) $100{\mu}Gy$을 초과하였다. 이는 5세 소아 흉부 X선 촬영 시 150 cm에서 180 cm 사이의 긴 FDD를 사용하지만, 15개월을 모사하고 있는 표준 소아팬텀의 흉부 X선 촬영의 경우 100 cm의 짧은 FDD를 사용했기 때문이다. 따라서, 나이에 따른 소아의 흉부 X선 촬영을 시행하기 위한 적절한 조사조건이 확립되어야 한다. 본 연구 결과는 나이에 따른 소아 선량의 권고량을 설립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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