Journal of Plant Biotechnology

The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology (한국식물생명공학회)
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Current biotechnology for the increase of vegetable oil yield in transgenic plants

식물 지방산 생산량의 증진을 위한 생명공학 연구현황

  • Lee, Kyeong-Ryeol (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Yun-Jung (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Hee (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Roh, Kyung-Hee (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Bum (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Uk (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 이경렬 (국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 최윤정 (국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 김순희 (국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 노경희 (국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 김종범 (국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부) ;
  • 김현욱 (국립농업과학원 농업생명자원부)
  • Received : 2011.10.07
  • Accepted : 2011.10.28
  • Published : 2011.12.31
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Abstract

The most part of vegetable oils is accumulated as storage lipid, triacylglycerol (TAG) in seed and used as energy source when seed is germinated. It is also used as essential fatty acids and energy source for human and animal. Recently, vegetable oils have been more and more an important resource because of the increasing demand of vegetable oils for cooking and industrial uses for bio-diesel and industrial feedstock. In order to increase vegetable oils using biotechnology, over-expressing or repressing the regulatory genes involved in the flow of carbon into lipid biosynthesis is critical during seed development. In this review, we described candidate genes may influence oil amount and investigate their potential for oil increase. Genes involved in the regulation from biosynthesis of fatty acids to the accumulation oils in seed can be classified as follows: First, genes play a role for synthesis precursor molecules for TAG. Second, genes participate in fatty acid biosynthesis and TAG assembly. Lastly, genes encodes transcription factors involved in seed maturation and accumulation of seed oil. Because factors/genes determining oil quantity in seed is complex as mentioned, recently regulation of transcription factors is being considered more favorable approach than manipulate multiple genes for increasing oil in transgenic plants. However, it should be figured out the problem that bad agricultural traits induced by the overexpression of transcription factor gene.

식물유의 거의 대부분은 triacylglycerol (TAG) 형태로 종자에 축적되어있으며 이는 종자가 발아할 때에 필수적인 에너지공급원이자 동물과 인간들에게 필수지방산과 중요한 에너지원이다. 최근 식용유의 건강기능성으로 수요증가와 더불어 바이오디젤과 산업원료 등의 산업적 수요도 증가함에 따라 더욱 중요한 자원이 되고 있다. 그래서 생명공학기술로 종자유의 함량을 증진하고자 하면 지질 생합성에 탄소의 유입에 관여하는 조절 유전자를 과발현 또는 억제하는 것이 결정적으로 중요하다. 본 총설에서는 지질함량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 여겨지는 후보 유전자들에 대해 기술하고 이들의 지방 함량 증대 가능성을 조사하였다. 식물의 지방산의 생합성과 종자유의 축적에 관여하는 유전자들은 크게 구분하자면 첫째, TAG가 생합성되기 위해 필요한 전구체를 합성하는 유전자, 둘째, 지방산합성과 TAG 축적에 관여하는 유전자, 셋째, 종자 발달과 종자유 축적에 관여하는 전사인자 유전자가 있다. 종자유 함량을 결정하는 대사들은 앞에서 언급했듯이 매우 복잡하기 때문에 최근에 전사인자의 조절이 다수의 지방생산 대사 유전자를 동시 조작하여 형질전환 식물에서 종자유 함량이 증진하는 것보다 더 바람직한 접근법으로 여겨지고 있다. 그러나 전사조절유전자의 과발현에 의해 나쁜 농업형질의 유도 같은 문제점도 해결해야 한다.

Keywords

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