Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers (한국농공학회논문집)

The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers (한국농공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Nutrient Concentrations in Groundwater under Paddy and Upland Fields

논과 밭 지하수의 영양물질 농도 특성

  • 장훈 (한국수자원공사 한강통합물관리센터) ;
  • 김진수 (충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 지역건설공학과) ;
  • 김영현 (충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 지역건설공학과) ;
  • 송철민 (팔당호수질정책협의회)
  • Received : 2011.04.18
  • Accepted : 2011.11.01
  • Published : 2011.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare concentrations of nutrients such as total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) total phosphorous (TP), and phosphate phosphorous ($PO_4$-P) in groundwater under paddy and upland fields, and surface water recharging from a rural mixed land-use watershed. Chinese cabbage and hot pepper were cultivated on the upland field plot. The TN concentrations in upland groundwater showed double peaks (4.7, 4.3 mg/L, respectively) in April 2009 shortly after fertilizer application, indicating that TN concentrations are greatly influenced by fertilization. However, the TN concentrations in paddy groundwater were always lower than 2.0 mg/L irrespective of fertilization. Whereas the mean concentrations of TN and $NO_3$-N in upland groundwater significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in surface water, the mean concentrations of TP and $PO_4$-P in upland groundwater were significantly lower than those in surface water. On the other hand, the mean concentrations of TN, $NO_3$-N, TP and $PO_4$-P in paddy groudwater were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in surface water. The TN concentrations in upland groundwater were generally higher than those in surface water during early April to early December due to the effect of fertilization, but vice versa in the other periods. In contrast, the TP concentrations in upland groundwater were always lower than those in surface water due to the sorption of inorganic phosphorous by soil. Moreover, the TN and TP concentrations in paddy groundwater were always lower than those in surface water, and therefore paddy groundwater may dilute nutrient concentrations in surface water when paddy groundwater and surface water mix.

Keywords

References

  1. Babiker, I. S., M. A. Mohamed, H. Terao and K. Ohta, 2004. Assessment of groundwater contamination by nitrate leaching from intensive vegetable cultivation using geographical information system. Environment International 29(8): 1009-1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00095-3
  2. Cho, J. W., J. S. Kim, K. Y. Oh, and S. Y. Oh, 2006. Pollutant concentration at experiment paddy plots during irrigation season. J. of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 48(3): 97-106 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2006.48.3.097
  3. Choi, W. J., G. H. Han, S. M. Lee, G. T. Lee, K. S. Yoon, S. M. Choi, and H. M. Ro, 2007. Impact of land-use types on nitrate concentration and ${\delta}^{15}N$ in unconfined groundwater in rural areas of Korea. Agriculture, Ecosystem, and Environment 120: 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.10.002
  4. Gburek W. J., and G. J. Folmar, 1999, Flow and chemical contributions to streamflow in an upland watershed: A base study, J. of Hydrology. 217: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00282-0
  5. Halberg, G. R., 1989. Nitrate in groundwater in the United States. In Nitrogen Management and Groundwater Protection: Developments in Agricultural and Managed-Forest Ecology 21. ed. R. F. Follett, 35-74. Elsevier, New York.
  6. Heathwaite, A. L., P. J. Jones, and N. E. Peters, 1996. Trend in nutrients. Hydro. Process 10(2): 263-293. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199602)10:2<263::AID-HYP441>3.0.CO;2-K
  7. Kim, J. S., S. Y. Oh, K. S. Kim, and S. K. Kwon, 2001. Characteristics of pollutants concentrations at paddy field areas during irrigation periods. J. of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 43(6): 163-173 (in Korean).
  8. Kim, K. H., S. T. Yun, G. T. Chae, B. Y. Choi, S. O. Kim, K. J. Kim, H. S. Kim, and C. W. Lee, 2002. Nitrate contamination of alluvial groundwaters in the Keum River watershed area: Source and behaviors of nitrate, and suggestion to secure water supply. J. of Engineering Geology 12(4): 471-484 (in Korean).
  9. Kretzschmar R., M. Borkovec, D. Grolimund, and M. Elimelech, 1999, Mobile subsurface colloids and their role in contaminant transport, Advances in Agronomy, 66: 121-193 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60427-7
  10. Kumazawa, K., 2004. Nitrogen fertilization and nitrate pollution in groundwater in Japan: Present status and measures for sustainable agriculture. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 63: 129-137.
  11. Liu G.D., W. L. Wu, and J. Zhang, 2005. Regional differentiation of non-point source pollution of agriculture-derived nitrate nitrogen in groundwater in northern China. Agriculture, Ecosystem, and Environment 107: 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.11.010
  12. Ministry of Environment, 1997. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (in Korean).
  13. Oh, S. Y., J. S. Kim, and K. Y. Oh, 2005. Evaluation of percolated water quality of paddy fields using nonparametric test. J. of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 47(2): 99-110 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2005.47.2.099
  14. Song, C. M., J. S. Kim, and H. Jang, 2010. Nutrient behavior in an upland field of cabbage adjacent to the river. J. of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 52(3): 65-71 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2010.52.3.065
  15. Weil, R. R., R. A. Weismiller, and R. S. Turner, 1990. Nitrate contamination of groundwater under irrigated coastal plain soils. J. of Environmental Quality. 19: 441-448.

Cited by

  1. Nutrient Balance in the Paddy Fields Watershed with a Source of River Water vol.56, pp.5, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2014.56.5.011