DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fragility based damage assesment in existing precast industrial buildings: A case study for Turkey

  • 투고 : 2009.05.12
  • 심사 : 2009.10.07
  • 발행 : 2010.01.10

초록

In Turkey, majority of industrial facilities are composed of precast buildings. However, precast buildings have suffered extensive damage during Kocaeli and Duzce (1999) and Adana-Ceyhan (1998) earthquakes. Therefore, in this study, fragilities of existing building stock and damage probabilities of precast buildings were studied. For this purpose, building inventories were prepared and variation of structural parameters was determined by investigating the design project of 65 precast buildings constructed in Denizli, Turkey. Twelve analysis models which reflect the stiffness, strength and ductility properties of building inventory were constructed. After the definition of strain based displacement limits and corresponding damage states for buildings, displacement demands were calculated by using non linear time history analysis. During the analyses 360 strong ground motion records were used. Exceedence ratios of concerned damage limits was calculated by checking the displacement demands and then PGV based fragility curves were constructed. Efficiency of strength, stiffness and ductility properties of existing precast buildings were investigated by comparing the fragility curves. The results have shown that the most effective parameters that govern the damage probabilities of precast buildings are stiffness and ductility. It was also stated that the results of fragility analysis and damage and failure observations performed after Kocaeli and Duzce Earthquakes are compatible.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Adalier, K. and Aydingun, O. (2001), "Structural engineering aspects of the June 27, 1998 Adana-Ceyhan (Turkey) earthquake", Eng. Struct., 23(4), 343-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00046-8
  2. Akkar, S. and Ozen, O. (2005), "Effect of peak ground velocity on deformation demands for SDOF systems", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 34, 1551-1571. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.492
  3. Akkar, S., Sucuoglu, H. and Yakut, A. (2005), "Displacement-based fragility functions for low and mid-rise ordinary concrete buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 21(4), 901-927. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2084232
  4. Arslan, M.H., Korkmaz, H.H. and Gulay, F.G. (2005), "Damage and failure pattern of prefabricated structures after major earthquakes in Turkey and shortfalls of the turkish earthquake code", Eng. Fail. Anal., 13, 537-557.
  5. Atakoy, H. (2000), "The August 17th Earthquake and the prefabricated structures built by the members of the prefabric union", Concrete Prefabrication, No:52-53 (in Turkish).
  6. Ay, B.O., Erberik, M.A. and Akkar, S. (2006), "Fragility based assessment of the structural deficiencies in turkish RC frames structures", First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Geneva, Switzerland.
  7. Chmielewski, T., Kratzig, W.B., Link, M., Meskouris, K. and Wunderlich, W. (1996), Phenomena and Evaluation of Dynamic Structural Responses, in Dynamics of Civil Engineering Structures, W.B. Kratzig and H.J. Niemann, (Eds.), A.A. Balkema, Rotterdams.
  8. Cruz, A.M. and Steinberg, L.J. (2005), "Industry preparedness for earthquakes and earthquake-triggered hazmat accidents in the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake", Earthq. Spectra, 21(2), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1889442
  9. Elwood, K.J. and Eberhard. M.O. (2006), "Effective stiffness of reinforced concrete columns", PEER Research Digest, No. 2006-1.
  10. Englekirk R.E. (2003), Seismic Design of Reinforced and Precast Concrete Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.
  11. Erberik, M.A. (2007), "Fragility-based assessment of typical mid-rise and low-rise RC buildings in Turkey", Eng. Struct., 30, 1360-1374.
  12. Erberik, M.A. and Elnashai, A.S. (2004), "Fragility analysis of flat-slab structures", Eng. Struct., 26, 937-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.02.012
  13. Ersoy, U. and Ozcebe, G. (2001), Reinforced Concrete, Evrim Publications, Istanbul. (in Turkish)
  14. Ersoy, U., Ozcebe, G. and Tankut, T. (2000), "Observed precast building damages in 1999 marmara and duzce earthquakes", 10th Prefabrication Symposium, Istanbul. (in Turkish).
  15. Eurocode 8 (1998), "Design design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures", European Union, European Prestandarts, Brussel.
  16. Fischinger, M., Kramar M. and Isakovic T., (2008), "Cyclic response of slender RC columns typical of precast industrial buildings", B. Earthq. Eng., 6, 519-534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9064-7
  17. Hachem, M.M., Mahin, S.A. and Moehle, J.P. (2003), Performance of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns under Bidirectional Earthquake Loading, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER Rep. No. 2003-06, University of California
  18. Karaesmen, E. (2001), Prefabrication in Turkey: Facts and Figures, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
  19. Karim, K.R. and Yamazaki, F. (2001) "Effect of earthquake ground motions on fragility curves of highway bridge piers based on numerical simulation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 30, 1839-1856. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.97
  20. Karimi, K. and Bakhshi, A. (2006), "Development of fragility curves for unreinforced masonry buildings before and after upgrading using analytical method", First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Geneva, Switzerland.
  21. Kayhan, A.H. (2008), Damage and Economic Loss Estimation for Pin Connected Precast Buildings, PhD Thesis, Pamukkale University, Denizli, November.
  22. Kircil, M.S. and Polat, Z. (2006), "Fragility analysis of mid-rise RC frame buildings", Eng. Struct., 28(9), 1335- 1345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.01.004
  23. Kowalsky, M.J. (1997), Direct Displacement-Based Design: A Seismic Design Methodology and Its Application to Concrete Bridges, PhD Dissertation, University of California, San Diego.
  24. Newmark, N.M. (1959), "A method of computation for structural dynamics", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 85, 67-94.
  25. Park, Y.J. and Ang, Ah.S. (1985), "Seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete buildings", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 111(4), 740-757. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(740)
  26. Park, R. and Paulay, T. (1975), Reinforced Concrete Structures, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  27. Park, R., Priestley, M.J.N. and Gill, W.D. (1982), "Ductility of square-confined concrete columns", J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 108(ST4), 929-950.
  28. PEER Strong Ground Motion Database, http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/
  29. Posada, M. and Wood, S.L. (2002), "Seismic performance of precast industrial buildings in Turkey", 7th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (7NCEE), Boston.
  30. Priestley, M.J.N., Seible, F. and Calvi, G.M. (1996), Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  31. Priestley, M.J.N., Calvi, G.M. and Kowalsky, M.J. (2007), Displacement Based Seismic Design of Structures, IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
  32. Priestley, M.J.N., Sritharan, S., Conley, J.R. and Pampanin, S. (1999), "Preliminary results and conclusions from the PRESS five-story precast concrete test building", PCI J, 44(6), 42-67. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11011999.42.67
  33. Rubinstein, R.Y. (1989), Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  34. Saatcioglu, M., Mitchell, D., Tinawi, R., Gardner, N.J., Gillies, A.G., Ghobarah, A., Anderson, D.L. and Lau, D. (2001), "The August 17, 1999 Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake-damage to structures". Can. J. Civil Eng., 28(8), 715-773.
  35. SAP2000 (2004), Integrated Software for Structural Analysis & Design, Computers and Structures Inc., California, USA.
  36. Sezen, H., Elwood, K.J., Whittaker, A.S., Mosalam, K.M., Wallace, J.W. and Stanton, J.F. (2000), Structural Engineering Reconnaissance of the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit), Turkey Earthquake, PEER Rep. No.2000-09, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California.
  37. Sezen, H. and Whittaker, A.S. (2006), "Seismic performance of industrial facilities affected by the 1999 Turkey earthquake", J. Perform. Constr. Fac., 20(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2006)20:1(28)
  38. Shinozuka, M., Feng, M.Q., Kim, H.K. and Kim, S.H. (2000), "Nonlinear static procedure for fragility curve development", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 126(12), 1287-1295. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:12(1287)
  39. Shinozuka, M., Feng, M.Q., Lee, J. and Naganuma T. (2000), "Statistical analysis of fragility curves", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 126(12), 1224-1231. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2000)126:12(1224)
  40. TEC-1975, Turkish Earthquake Code (1975), Specifications for structures to be built in disaster areas, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkey.
  41. TEC-1998, Turkish Earthquake Code (1998), Specifications for structures to be built in disaster areas, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkey.
  42. TEC-2007, Turkish Earthquake Code (2007), Specifications for structures to be built in seismic areas, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkey.
  43. Tezcan, S.S. and Colakoglu, H.K. (2003), "Weak Points Of The TEC-98 Precast Building Code Provisions", Fifth National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
  44. Uniform Building Code (1997), International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, California.
  45. Zorbozan M., Barka G. ve Sarifakioglu F. (1998), "Observed precast building damages in ceyhan earthquake, reasons and solutions", Concrete Prefabrication, 48, 20-24 (in Turkish).

피인용 문헌

  1. Vulnerability curves of masonry constructions Algiers case study vol.42, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.42.5.609
  2. Investigation of Seismic Behavior and Infill Wall Effects for Prefabricated Industrial Buildings in Turkey vol.25, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000148
  3. Structural Aspects and Seismic Performance of 1-Story Precast Buildings in Turkey vol.27, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000316
  4. Automatic modeling method for regional seismic damage assessment of school buildings in Taiwan vol.39, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2016.1146091
  5. A risk based PML estimation method for single-storey reinforced concrete industrial buildings and its impact on earthquake insurance rates vol.13, pp.7, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9712-z
  6. Seismic fragility of Italian RC precast industrial structures vol.94, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.02.034
  7. Fragility-based assessment of public buildings in Turkey vol.56, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.07.002
  8. Seismic fragility functions of industrial precast building classes vol.118, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.03.069
  9. Probabilistic seismic risk assessment of hall buildings in Turkey vol.22, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.694
  10. Generation of Fragility Curves for Typical RC Health Care Facilities: Emphasis on Hospitals in Turkey vol.30, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000806
  11. Agent-Based Recovery Model for Seismic Resilience Evaluation of Electrified Communities pp.02724332, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13277
  12. Fragility analysis of R/C frame buildings based on different types of hysteretic model vol.39, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.39.6.795
  13. Seismic fragility curves of single storey RC precast structures by comparing different Italian codes vol.12, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.3.359
  14. Seismic performance of RC precast industrial buildings-learning with the past earthquakes vol.4, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-018-0191-y
  15. Characterisation of Portuguese RC Precast Industrial Building Stock vol.2020, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7517205
  16. Seismic vulnerability assessment of RC buildings according to the 2007 and 2018 Turkish seismic codes vol.18, pp.6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.18.6.709
  17. Basin edge effect on industrial structures damage pattern at clayey basins vol.23, pp.6, 2010, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.23.6.575
  18. Buildings Damages after Elazığ, Turkey Earthquake on January 24, 2020 vol.109, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04831-5
  19. Seismic fragility functions for Portuguese RC precast buildings vol.19, pp.15, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-01007-7