Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지

Growth and Tissue Nutrient Responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla Seedlings Fertilized with Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium at a Nursery Culture

묘포에서 질소, 인, 칼륨 비료주기가 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무의 생장 및 양분에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Byung-Bae (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Byun, Jae-Kyung (Division of Forest Restoration, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Woo-Sung (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Sung, Joo-Han (Division of Forest Ecology, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • 박병배 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과) ;
  • 변재경 (국립산림과학원 산림복원연구과) ;
  • 김우성 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과) ;
  • 성주한 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과)
  • Received : 2009.12.18
  • Accepted : 2010.01.07
  • Published : 2010.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure both growth performances and nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies holophylla seedlings, which are commercially planted in Korea, to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization. We used Dickson's quality index (QI) to compare growth performances and vector diagnosis to interpret nutrient status. Nitrogen fertilization increased more height and root collar diameter growth in F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica relative to no fertilization treatment. The QI of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica was the highest on N treatment, but there were no significant differences between treatments for P. koraiensis and A. holophylla. Nitrogen fertilization increased total dry weight by 43, 41, 26, -9% for F. rhynchophylla, F. mandshurica, P. koraiensis and A. holophylla, respectively. In F. rhynchophylla, N fertilization increased N contents with similar N concentrations ("sufficiency"), decreased both P concentrations and P contents ("antagonism"), and decreased K contents with similar K concentrations ("toxic accumulation"). In P. koraiensis, N fertilization decreased N, P, and K concentrations because of more dry weight increases compared to uptaken contents ("dilution"), but N fertilization decreased N, P, and K contents with similar N, P, and K concentrations ("toxic accumulation"). In the light of quality index and vector diagnosis, F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica seedlings treated with N fertilization would have high field performance.

비료주기는 묘목의 생산성과 품질을 향상시키는 방법으로 이용되어 왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 경제림 육성 수종인 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무를 대상으로 포지에서 질소, 인, 칼륨 비료주기가 묘목의 생장과 양분변화에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 측정하는 것이다. 비료주기에 대한 생장반응과 양분 동태를 각각 품질지수(Dickson's quality index, QI)와 양분벡터분석(Vector diagnosis)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 물푸레나무와 들메나무는 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높은 수고와 근원경 생장을 보였으며, 잣나무의 경우 질소 비료 처리구에서 수고 생장이 약간 감소했고, 전나무는 비료주기 효과가 없었다. 물푸레나무의 QI는 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높았고 칼륨 비료 처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 들메나무의 QI도 질소 비료 처리구에서 가장 높았고 대조구에서 가장 낮았다. 잣나무와 전나무의 QI는 비료주기 처리 간에 유의한 차이는 없었지만 인 비료 처리구에서 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 질소 비료주기는 대조구에 비하여 물푸레나무, 들메나무, 잣나무, 전나무의 건중량을 각각 43, 41, 26, -9% 증가시켰고, 인 비료주기는 -2, 4, -11, -10% 증가시켰으며, 칼륨 비료주기는 -25, 23, 18, -11% 증가시켰다. 비료주기에 대한 양분벡터반응은 수종과 양분종류에 따라 상이한 경향이 나타났다. 예를 들면 물푸레나무의 경우 질소 비료주기에 대해 양분 N은 농도 변화 없이 양분함량이 증가하는 "양분최적" 상태를 보이고, 양분 P는 농도와 양분함량이 모두 감소하고, 양분 K는 농도 변화 없이 양분함량만 감소했다. 잣나무의 경우 질소 비료주기에 대해 양분 N, P, K 농도는 감소하고 양분함량은 증가하는 "양분희석" 현상이 나타났으며, 인 비료주기는 양분 N, P, K 농도 변화 없이 양분 함량이 감소하는 "과량집적" 현상이 나타났다. 묘목 생산 단계에서 우량한 것으로 판정된 묘목이 산지에서도 높은 적응성을 보이는지에 대한 연구가 향후 필요하지만, 물푸레나무와 들메나무의 경우 질소 비료주기 처리에서 높은 산지 적응성을 보일 것으로 예상된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Bayala, J., Dianda, M., Wilson, J., Ouedraogo, S. and Sanon, K. 2009. Predicting field performance of five irrigated tree species using seedling quality assessment in Burkina Faso, West Africa. New Forests 38: 309-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9149-4
  2. Brady, N.C. and Weil, R.R. 2002. The nature and properties of soils. 13rd edition. Prentice Hall, New York, USA. pp 960.
  3. Carlson, W.C. 1981. Effects of controlled-release fertilizers on the shot and root development of outplanted western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla Raf. Sarg.) seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 11: 752-757. https://doi.org/10.1139/x81-107
  4. Davis, A.S. and Jacobs, D.F. 2005. Quantifying root system quality of nursery seedlings and relationship to outplanting performance. New Forests 30: 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-7480-y
  5. De Visser, P.H.B. and Keltjens, W.G. 1993. Growth and nutrient uptake of Douglas-fir seedlings at different rates of ammonium supply, with or without additional nitrate and other nutrients. Netherland Journal of Agricultural Science 41: 327-341.
  6. Deans, J.D., Mason, W.L., Cannell, M.G.R., Sharpe, A.L. and Sheppard, L.J. 1989. Growing regimes for bare-root stock of Sitka spruce, Douglas fir and Scots pine. 1. Morphology at the end of the nursery phase. Forestry Supplement 62: 53-60.
  7. Haase, D.L. and Rose, R. 1995. Vector analysis and its use for interpreting plant nutrient shifts in response to silvicultural treatments. Forest Science 41: 54-66.
  8. Imo, M. and Timmer, V.R. 1999. Vector competition analysis of black spruce seedling responses to nutrient loading and vegetation control. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 474-486. https://doi.org/10.1139/x99-020
  9. Ingestad T. and Ågren G.I. 1992. Theories and methods on plant nutrition and growth. Phsiologia Plantarum 84: 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb08781.x
  10. Jacobs, D.F. and Timmer, V.R. 2005. Fertilizer-induced changes in rhizosphere electrical conductivity: relation to forest tree seedling root system growth and function. New Forests 30: 147-166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-005-6572-z
  11. Kang, H.S., Lim, J.H., Chun, J.H., Lee, I.K., Kim, Y.K. and Lee, J.H. 2007. Invasion of Korean pine seedlings originated from neighbor plantations into the natural mature deciduous broad-leaved forest in Gwangneung, Korea. Journal of Korean Forest Society 96(1): 107-114.
  12. Marschner, H. 2002. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp 889.
  13. Quoreshi, M. and Timmer, V.R. 2000. Early outplanting performance of nutrient-loaded containerized black spruce seedlings inoculated with Laccaria bicolor: A bioassay study. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 744-752. https://doi.org/10.1139/x00-003
  14. Salifu, K.F. and Timmer, V.R. 2003. Nitrogen retranslocation response of young Picea marianna to nitrogen-15 supply. Soil Science Society of America Journal 67: 309-317. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.0309
  15. Shin, J.A., Son, Y., Hong, S.G. and Kim, Y.K. 1999. Effect of N and P fertilization on nutrient use efficiency of Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, and Betula platyphylla var. japonica seedlings. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 18(4): 304-309.
  16. Son, Y., Kim, Z.S., Hwang, J.H. and Park J.S. 1998. Fertilization effects on growth, foliar nutrients and extract concentrations in ginkgo seedlings. Journal of Korean Forest Society 87(1): 98-105.
  17. Teng, Y. and Timmer, V.R. 1995. Rhizosphere phosphorus depletion induced by heavy nitrogen fertilization in forest nursery soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59: 227-233. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900010035x
  18. Timmer, V.R. 1996. Exponential nutrient loading: a new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites. New Forests 13: 275-295.
  19. Timmer, V.R. and Stone, E.L. 1978. Comparative foliar analysis of young balsam fir fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and lime. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42: 125-130. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200010027x
  20. Vitousek, P.M., Cassman, K., Cleveland, C., Crews, T., Field, C.B., Grimm, N.B., Howarth, R.W., Marino, R., Martinelli, L., Rastetter, E.B. and Sprent, J.I. 2002. Towards an ecological understanding of biological nitrogen fixation. Biogeochemistry 57-58(1): 1-45.