Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Ammonia Flux from Cow Manure in Relation to the Environmental Factors in Livestock Facilities

축산분뇨에서 발생하는 암모니아 플럭스에 대한 환경인자의 영향에 관한 연구

  • Sa, Jae-Hwan (Environmental Research Center, Dongshin University)
  • Received : 2010.06.08
  • Accepted : 2010.07.02
  • Published : 2010.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Ammonia is a very important constituent of the atmospheric environment because it is the most dominant gaseous alkaline species present in the atmosphere. Ammonia is known to affect ecosystems at relatively low concentration. Ammonia flux from livestock facilities can be regulated by a number of environmental factors (pH, ammonium ion, temperature, wind speed, etc). The increases in wind speed above manure from 0.0 m/s to 1.0 7m/s resulted in 2.5 times increases in ammonia flux. Wind speed and ammonia flux showed 0.982. A linear relationship with a correlation coefficient (r=0.982). When manure temperature increased from $3^{\circ}C$ to $36^{\circ}C$, the manure pH decreased approximately 0.30 to 0.46. As wind speed above the manure increased from 0.0 m/s to 1.07 m/s, ammonia flux increased approximately 2.5 times. The increasing manure temperature from $3^{\circ}C$ to $10^{\circ}C$, raised ammonia flux from 2.0 to 3.6 times (2.6 times in average similarly). The increases of manure temperature from $3^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ increased ammonia flux from 5.7 to 12.9 times (8.5 times in average). In this study, the correlation coefficient between ammonia flux and manure temperature was found from 0.972 to 0.989. Results of our research showed that ammonium ion concentration, pH of manure and wind speed were important factors in controlling the ammonia flux from manure livestock facilities.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국연구재단

References

  1. Adams, P.J., J.H. Seinfeld, D. Koch, L. Mickley, and D. Jacob (2001) General circulation model assessment of direct radiative forcing by the sulphate-nitrate-ammonium-water inorganic aerosol system, Journal Geophys Research Atmospheric, 106, 1097-1111. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900512
  2. Aneja, V.P., B.P. Malik, Q. Tong, D. Kang, and J.H. Overton (2001) Measurement and modeling of ammonia emissions at waste treatment lagoon-atmospheric interface, Water Air and Soil Pollution, 1, 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013194804479
  3. Arkinson, H.L. (2003) Measurements, modeling, and analysis of ammonia flux from hog waste treatment technologies, M.S. thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 25-40.
  4. Bates, R.G. and G.D. Pinching (1950) Dissociatio constant of aqueous ammonia at 0 to 50-degrees from EMF atudies of the ammonium salt of a weak acid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 72, 1393-1396. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01159a087
  5. Battye, R.W., C. Overcash, and S. Fudge (1994) Development and selection of ammonia emission factors, EPA Contract Number 68-D3-0034, Work Assign, 0-3, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
  6. Bunton, B.J. (1999) Measurements and analysis of atmospheric ammonia emissions from anaerobic lagoons, M.S. thesis, North Carolina State University, NC, 17-19.
  7. Erisman, J.W., A.H. Otjes, P.B. Jongejan, and H.M. Khlystov (2001) Instrument development and application in studies and monitoring of ambient ammonia, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 1913-1922. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00544-6
  8. Hales, J.E. and D.R. Drewes (1979) Solubility of ammonia at low concentrations, Atmospheric Environment, 13, 1133-1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(79)90037-4
  9. Heber, A.J., J.Q. Ni, T.T. Lim, C.A. Diehl, A.L. Sutton, R.K. Duggirala, B.L. Haymore, D.T. Kelly, and V.I. AdamchukI (2000) Effect of a manure additive on ammonia emission from swine finishing buildings, Transactions of the ASAE, 43(6), 1895-1902. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.3094
  10. Heber, A.J., J.Q. Ni, B.L. Haymore, R.K. Duggirala, and K.M. Keener (2001) Air quality and emission measurement methodology at swine finishing buildings, Transactions of the ASAE.
  11. Hur, J.B., J.H. Kim, Y.M. Lee, Y.S. Seo, S.M. Lee, and J.P. Jeong (2004) Distribution of PM2.5 and component of atmosphere in Seoul, Proceeding of the 37th meeting of KOSAE(2004), 209-211.
  12. IPCC (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol. 1: General Guidance and Reporting. In The National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme (H.S. Eggleston, L. Buendia, K. Miwa, T. Ngara, K. Tanabe Eds), Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan, pp. 7.4-7.16.
  13. Irwin, J.G. and M.L. Williams (1988) Acid chemistry and transport, Environmental Pollution, 50, 29-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(88)90184-4
  14. Kang, G.U., N.S. Kim, and H.J. Lee (2008) Mass concentration and ion composition of size-segregated particulate matter during the non-asian dust storm of spring 2007 in Iksan, J. Env. Hlth. Sci., 34(4), 300-310. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2008.34.4.300
  15. Mackay, D. and A.T.K. Yeun (1983) Mass transfer coefficient correlations for volatilization of organic solutes from water, Environmental Science and Technology, 17, 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00110a006
  16. NAP (2003) Air emission from animal feeding operations, The national academies press.
  17. Neal, H., L. Scott, and G. Geordie (2004) the effect of loading rate and spatil variability on pond odour emission, A final report prepared for Australian Pork Limited on behalf of the National Center for Engineering Science, 22(1), 58-72.
  18. Olsen, J.E. and S.G. Sommer (1993) Modeling effects of wind speed and surface on ammonia volatilization from stored pig slurry, Atmospheric Environment 27A, 2567-2574.
  19. Renard, J.J., S.E. Calidonna, and M.V. Henley (2004) Fate of ammonia in the atmosphere-a review for applicability to hazardous releases, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B108, 29-60.
  20. Roella, P.A. and V.P. Aneja (2002) Characterization of ammonia emission from soils in the upper coastal plain North Carolina, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 1087-1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00355-7
  21. Jeon, E.C., J.H. Sa, and J.H. Park (2005) Development of $NH_3$ emission factors using a dynamic flux chamber in a sewage treatment plant, Journal of Environmental Impackt Assessment, 14(5), 263-273.
  22. Sa, J.H., E.C. Jeon, and J.H., Jeong (2006) Development of ass transfer models for ammonia flux estimation sewage treatment plants, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 22(5), 701-711. (in Korean with English abstract)
  23. Sa, J.H. and E.C. Jeon (2010a) Estimation of ammonia flux and emission factor from the cattle housing of fall and winter, Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, 19(1), 1-13.
  24. Sa, J.H. and E.C. Jeon (2010b) Estimation of ammonia flux and emission factor from cattle housing using dynamic flux chamber, Journal of Environmental Health Sciences, 26(1), 33-43.
  25. Sa, J.H., E.C. Jeon, S.R. Lee, and G.H. Roh (2007) Ammonia flux from sawdust for bedding at cow housing, Preceeding of the 45th meeting of KOSAE (2007), 429-430.
  26. Sommer, S.G., J.E. Olesen, B.T. Christensen (1991) Effects of temperature, wind speed and air humidity on ammonia volatilization from surface applied cattle slurry, Journal of Agricultural Science, 117, 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600079016
  27. TEI (1999) Model 17C chemiluminescence NH3 analyzer instruction manual P/N 14022, Thermo Environmental Instruments, Inc., Franklin, Massachusetts.
  28. U.S. EPA (1986) Measurement of gaseous emission rates from land surfaces using an emission isolation flux chamber user's guide, Contract No. 68-02-03389-WA18. 1-7.
  29. U.S. EPA (2002) Research and development-review of emission factors and methodologies to estimate ammonia emission from animal waste handling, 52-74.
  30. U.S. EPA (2004) National emission inventory-Ammonia emission from animal husbandry operations (draft report), 17-31.
  31. Warneck, P. (2000) Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, 2nd ed, New York, Academic Press, Inc., 511-530.
  32. You, J.K., H.S. Park, W.H. Hong, J.K. Park, and J.N. Kim (2007) Effect of precipitation on operation range of the CO2 capture process using ammonia water absorbent, Korean Chemical Engineering Research, 45(3), 258-263.
  33. Zhu, J., P. Ndegwa, and A. Luo (2003) Temperature effects on pigs manure under low lever batch aeration, International Journal of Environmental Studies, 60(5), 523-533. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020723032000113826

Cited by

  1. Emission Rate of Greenhouse Gases from Bedding Materials of Cowshed Floor: Lab-scale simulation study vol.55, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2013.55.1.67