Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회지)

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics of Black Carbon in PM2.5 Observed in Gwangju for Year 2008 and Examination of Filter Loading Effect

2008년 광주지역 검댕입자 특성 및 광학적 산란효과 보상

  • Jung, Jung-Hoon (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Park, Seung-Shik (Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2010.05.11
  • Accepted : 2010.08.04
  • Published : 2010.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured with an aethalometer (AE-16, 880 nm) at time interval of 5-min at an urban site of Gwangju over a year 2008. 24-hr filter-based integrated measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ particles were also made at the same site during the winter and summer intensive periods to test any optical loading bias in the raw BC data measured by aethalometer. BC concentration was higher in winter than in summer, possibly due to increase in emissions from energy consumption and poor dispersion with reduction of boundary layer in winter. Also temporal cycles of BC indicate that short-term transient spikes were common, occurring primarily during the rush-hour periods. A similar feature was also observed in diurnal concentration cycle of CO, mainly emitted from motor vehicles. When both low wind speed and weather patterns such as mist, haze and etc were combined, high BC concentrations frequently occurred. The amount of optical loading effect described by the "k" factor showed the seasonal variation, ranging from 0.0003 to 0.0036. This implies that optical loading effect is not seen at all times. From the comparison between the filter-based elemental carbon (EC) and aethalometer BC data, it was found that the loading compensated BC values were more reasonable than the raw BC ones reported from the aethalometer.

Keywords

References

  1. Adams, K., L. Davis, S. Japar, and D. Finley (1990) Real-time, in-situ measurements of atmospheric optical absorption in the visible via photo-acoustic spectroscopy: IV. Visibility degradation and aerosol optical properties in Los Angeles, Atmospheric Environment, 24, 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90015-F
  2. Arnott, W., K. Hamasha, H. Moosmuller, P.J. Sheridan, and J.A. Ogren (2005) Toward aerosol light absorption measurements with a 7-wavelength Aethalometer: Evaluation with a photoacustic instrument and a 3-wavelength nephelometer, Aerosol Science and Technology, 39, 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290901972
  3. Crutzen, P. and M. Andreae (1990) Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles, Science, 250, 1669-1678. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4988.1669
  4. Gebhart, K., S. Kreidenweis, and W. Malm (2001) Back-trajectory analyses of fine particulate matter measured at Big Bend National Park in the historical database and the 1967 scoping study, Science of The Total Environment, 276, 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00779-3
  5. Hansen, A., H. Rosen, and T. Novakov (1984) The Aethalometer - an instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles, Science of The Total Environment, 36, 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(84)90265-1
  6. Horvath, H. (1993) Atmospheric light absorption: a review, Atmospheric Environment, 27A, 293-317.
  7. Hwang, Y.J., S.J. Lee, D.H. Kang, T.J. Son, T.K. Kwon, J.Y. Han, H.U. Park, and S.H. Jang (2008) The analysis of PM10 data and the evaluation of influences by meteorological factors on PM10 in Deagu during 2004-2007, Proceeding of the 46th Meeting of KOSAE, Sejong University, 521-523.
  8. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001) Climate Change 1995: The Science Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  9. Kirchstetter, T. and T. Novakov (2007) Controlled generation of black carbon particles from a diffusion flame and applications in elevating BC measurements methods, Atmospheric Environment, 41, 1874-1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.067
  10. LaRosa, L.B., T.J. Buckley, and L.A. Wallace (2002) Real-time indoor and outdoor measurements of black carbon in an occupied house: An examination of sources, Journal of the Air and Wastement Management Association, 52, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470758
  11. Lee, H.W., Y.K. Kim, N.S. Jang, and Y.H. Lee (1999) The effect of meteorological factors on variation and temporal and spatial characteristics of $NO_2$ concentration in pusan area, Journal of Korean Environmental Sciences Society, 8(4), 465-471.
  12. Myhre, G., A. Myhre, and F. Stordal (2001) Historical evolution of radiative forcing of climate, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 2361-2373. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00531-8
  13. Park, S.S., J.H. Jung, S.Y. Cho, and S.J. Kim (2009) Compensation of aethalometer black carbon data observed at a Gwangju site, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 25(6), 571-578. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2009.25.6.571
  14. Park, S.S., A.D.A. Hansen, and S.Y. Cho (2010) Measurement of real time black carbon for investigating spot loading effects of Aethalometer data, Atmospheric Environment, 44, 1449-1455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.025
  15. Shin, M.K., C.D. Lee, H.S. Ha, C.S. Choe, and Y.H. Kim (2007) The influence of meteorological factors on PM10 concentration in Incheon, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 23(3), 322-331. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2007.23.3.322
  16. Virkkula, A., T. Makela, R. Hillamo, T. Yli-Tuomi, A. Hirsikko, K. Hameri, and I.K. Koponen (2007) A simple procedure for correcting loading effects of aethalometer data, Journal of the Air and Wastement Management Association, 57, 1214-1222. https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.10.1214
  17. Weingartner, E., H. Saathoff, M. Schnaiter, N. Streit, B. Bitnar, and U. Baltensperger (2003) Absorption of light by soot particles: determination of the absorption coefficient by means of aethalometers, Journal of Aerosol Science, 1445-1463.

Cited by

  1. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Black Carbon Emitted from Coal-fired Power Plant, Charcoal Kiln and Diesel Vehicle vol.29, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2013.29.2.152
  2. A Study of Black Carbon Measurement in Metropolitan Area and Suburban Area of the Korean Peninsula Performed during Pre KORea-US Air Quality Study (KORUS-AQ) Campaign vol.31, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2015.31.5.472
  3. Diurnal Size Distributions of Black Carbon by Comparison of Optical Particulate Measurements - Part I vol.32, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2016.32.1.001