Journal of Korea Multimedia Society (한국멀티미디어학회논문지)

Korea Multimedia Society (한국멀티미디어학회)
권호 표지

Density Aware Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol for Normally Distributed Sensor Networks

  • Su, Xin (Department of Computer Eng., Chosun University) ;
  • Choi, Dong-Min (Department of Computer Eng., Chosun University) ;
  • Moh, Sang-Man (Department of Computer Eng., Chosun University) ;
  • Chung, Il-Yong (Department of Computer Eng., Chosun University)
  • Received : 2009.10.05
  • Accepted : 2010.06.22
  • Published : 2010.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), cluster based data routing protocols have the advantages of reducing energy consumption and link maintenance cost. Unfortunately, most of clustering protocols have been designed for uniformly distributed sensor networks. However, some urgent situations do not allow thousands of sensor nodes being deployed uniformly. For example, air vehicles or balloons may take the responsibility for deploying sensor nodes hence leading a normally distributed topology. In order to improve energy efficiency in such sensor networks, in this paper, we propose a new cluster formation algorithm named DAEEC (Density Aware Energy-Efficient Clustering). In this algorithm, we define two kinds of clusters: Low Density (LD) clusters and High Density (HD) clusters. They are determined by the number of nodes participated in one cluster. During the data routing period, the HD clusters help the neighbor LD clusters to forward the sensed data to the central base station. Thus, DAEEC can distribute the energy dissipation evenly among all sensor nodes by considering the deployment density to improve network lifetime and average energy savings. Moreover, because the HD clusters are densely deployed they can work in a manner of our former algorithm EEVAR (Energy Efficient Variable Area Routing Protocol) to save energy. According to the performance analysis result, DAEEC outperforms the conventional data routing schemes in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime.

Keywords

References

  1. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "A Survey on Sensor Networks," IEEE Communication Magazine, pp.102-108, Oct. 2002.
  2. J. M. Kahn. R. H. Katz and K. S. J. Pister, "Next Century Challenges: Mobile Networking for Smart Dust," Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 270-278, Aug. 1999.
  3. J. Hill, D. Culler, "A Wireless-embedded Architecture for System Level Optimization," UC Berkeley Technical Report, Mar. 2002.
  4. C. C. Intanagonwiwat etal., "Directed Diffusion for Wireless Sensor Networking," IEEE /ACM Trans. Net., Vol.11, No.1, pp.2-16, Feb. 2002.
  5. S. Lindsey, C. Raghavendra, and K.M. Silvalingam, "Data Gathering Algorithms in Sensor Networks using Energy Mertrics," IEEE Trans. Parallel Distribute. Sys. Vol.13, No.9, pp. 924-935, Sept. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2002.1036066
  6. W. B. Heinzelman, A. P.Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, "An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, No.4, 2002.
  7. O. Younis and S. Fahmy, "Distributed Clustering in Adhoc Sensor Networks: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient Approach," Proc, of IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 443-449, 2004.
  8. S. D. Muruganathan, et al., "A centralized energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.43, pp. s8-s13, Mar. 2005.
  9. M. Rajiullah, S. Shimamoto, "An Energy Aware Periodical Data Gathering Protocol Using Deterministic Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)," Proc. of Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, pp.3014-3018, Mar. 2007.
  10. A. Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal. "TEEN: A Routing Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks," Proc. of 1st International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, April 2001.
  11. Do-hyun Nam, Hong-ki Min, "An Energy Efficient Clustering Using a Round-Robin Method in a Wireless Sensor Network," Proc. of Software Engineering Research, Management & Applications 2007, pp.54-60, Aug. 2007.
  12. Shirmohammadi. M.M, Faez. K and Chhardoli. M "LELE: Leader Election with Load Balancing Energy in Wireless Sensor Network," Proc. of Communications and Mobile Computing, 2009. CMC '09. WRI International Conference, pp. 106-110, Jan. 2009.
  13. Dongmin Choi, Sangman Moh and Ilyong Chung, "Variable Area Routing Protocol in wireless sensor networks," Journal of Korea Multimedia Society, pp. 1082-1092, Aug. 2008.
  14. Hsiao-Lan Hsu, Qilian Liang, "An EnergyEfficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks", Proc. of Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005, VTC-2005-Fall. 2005 IEEE 62nd, pp.2321-2325, 25-28 Sept. 2005.
  15. Sun SPOT, [Online], Available: http.z/www.sunspotworld.com
  16. Crossbow, [Online]. Available: http./zwww.xbox.com