Journal of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회)
권호 표지

Comparison of Probability of Detecting Bluetongue in Quarantine Testing for the Imported Cattle with Special Focus on the Sampling Scenario

수입 소의 검역검사 수준에 따른 블루텅 검출 확률 비교

  • Pak, Son-Il (College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University)
  • 박선일 (강원대학교 수의과대학 및 동물의학종합연구소)
  • Accepted : 2010.08.03
  • Published : 2010.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In view of free from bluetongue (BT) in the domestic cattle population in Korea, the key of quarantine testing for BT virus (BTV) infection is detection of cattle previously exposed to the virus. The objective of this study was to estimate the probability of detecting a cattle infected with BTV using a stochastic modeling analysis of existing quarantine testing data. Three testing scenarios were considered in this study: serological testing of all animals in all imported lots (scenario 1), serological testing of a sample of cattle from all imported lots (scenario 2), and serological testing of 50% of imported lots (scenario 3). In scenario 2 and 3, it was assumed that cattle were sampled (sample size) within each lot to detect 5% of the cattle in each lot with a 95% confidence, taking into account diagnostic sensitivity of the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The model output was the total number of BTV-infected cattle and the prevalence of BTV infection in imported cattle from the US, Australia, Canada and Japan. Compared to the scenario 1, the probability of detecting a BTV-infected cattle was estimated to be 19% and 1.6% in scenario 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the analyses showed a 95% confidence that BTV prevalence was less or equal to $9.7{\times}10^{-4}$ (median = $1.5{\times}10^{-5}$), indicating that, for the scenario 2 and 3 with serological testing for a sample of cattle, the risk of introducing an exotic strain of BTV into Korea through the importation of live cattle would not be acceptable.

Keywords

References

  1. 국립수의과학검역원. 동물 및 축산물 검역 법규집. 2009.
  2. 박선일. 생우 수입과 관련된 검역위생조치 평가 모형. 동물의학종합연구소지 2010; 3: 1-4.
  3. Baylis M, Mellor PS. Bluetongue around the Mediterranean in 2001. Vet Rec 2001; 149: 659.
  4. Biteau-Coroller F, Gerbier G, Stark KD, Grillet C, Albina E, Zientara S, Roger F. Performance evaluation of a competitive ELISA test used for bluetongue antibody detection in France, a recently infected area. Vet Microbiol 2006; 118: 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.07.012
  5. Cannon RM, Roe RT. Livestock disease surveys: A field manual for veterinarians. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1982.
  6. Domenech J, Lubroth J, Eddi C, Martin V, Roger F. Regional and international approaches on prevention and control of animal transboundary and emerging diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1081: 90-107. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1373.010
  7. Gerry AC, Mullens BA, Maclachlan NJ, Mecham JO. Seasonal transmission of bluetongue virus by Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at a southern California dairy and evaluation of vectorial capacity as a predictor of bluetongue virus transmission. J Med Entomol 2001; 38: 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.197
  8. Gibbs EP, Greiner EC. The epidemiology of bluetongue. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 17: 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-9571(94)90044-2
  9. Hoar BR, Carpenter TE, Singer RS, Gardner IA. Probability of introduction of exotic strains of bluetongue virus into the US and into California through importation of infected cattle. Prev Vet Med 2004; 66: 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.08.006
  10. MacLachlan NJ, Osburn BI. Impact of bluetongue virus infection on the international movement and trade of ruminants. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 228: 1346-1349. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.228.9.1346
  11. MacLachlan NJ, Zientara S, Stallknecht DE, Boone JD, Goekjian VH, Sailleau C, Balasuriya UB. Phylogenetic comparison of the S10 genes of recent isolates of bluetongue virus from the United States and French Martinique Island. Virus Res 2007; 129: 236-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2007.07.009
  12. MacLachlan NJ, Drew CP, Darpel KE, Worwa G. The pathology and pathogenesis of bluetongue. J Comp Pathol 2009; 141: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.04.003
  13. Mellor PS. Replication of arboviruses in insect vectors. J Comp Pathol 2000; 123: 231-247. https://doi.org/10.1053/jcpa.2000.0434
  14. OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). Handbook on import risk analysis for animals and animal products. Volume 2: Quantitative risk assessment, OIE, Paris, 2004.
  15. OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). Chapter 8.3. Bluetongue. In: Terrestrial animal health code. OIE, Paris, 2009a.
  16. OIE (World Organization for Animal Health). Chapter 2.1.3. Bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease. In: Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. OIE, Paris, 2009b.
  17. Portanti O, Luciani M, Ronchi GF. Rapid detection of bluetongue virus in blood and organ samples using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vet Ital 2005; 41: 15-21.
  18. Richards RG, MacLachlan NJ, Heidner HW, Fuller FJ. Comparison of virologic and serologic responses of lambs and calves infected with bluetongue virus serotype 10. Vet Microbiol 1988; 18: 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(88)90090-9
  19. Rossiter PB, Al Hammadi N. Living with transboundary animal diseases (TADs). Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 41: 999-1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-008-9266-7
  20. Sarto i Monteys V, Ventura D, Pages N, Aranda C, Escosa R. Expansion of Culicoides imicola, the main bluetongue virus vector in Europe, into Catalonia, Spain. Vet Rec 2005; 156: 415-417.
  21. Stott JL, Osburn BI, Bushnell R, Loomis EC, Squire KRE. Epizootiological study of bluetongue virus infection in California livestock: an overview. Prog Clin Biol Res 1985; 178: 571-582.
  22. Sutmoller P, Olascoaga RC. The risks posed by the importation of animals vaccinated against foot and mouth disease and products derived from vaccinated animals: a review. Rev Sci Tech 2003; 22: 823-835.
  23. Tabachnick WJ. Culicoides and the global epidemiology of bluetongue virus infection. Vet Ital 2004; 40: 203-207.
  24. Vandenbussche F, Vanbinst T, Verheyden B, Van Dessel W, Demeestere L, Houdart P, Bertels G, Praet N, Berkvens D, Mintiens K, Goris N, De Clercq K. Evaluation of antibody-ELISA and real-time RT-PCR for the diagnosis and profiling of bluetongue virus serotype 8 during the epidemic in Belgium in 2006. Vet Microbiol 2008; 129: 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.10.029
  25. Vose D. Risk analysis in relation to the importation and exportation of animal products. Rev Sci Tech 1997; 16: 17-29.
  26. Vose D. Risk analysis: A quantitative guide. 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2000.
  27. Walton TE. The impact of diseases on the importation of animals and animal product. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 916: 36-40.
  28. Weaver SC, Reisen WK. Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Res 2010; 85: 328-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.008
  29. Wechsler SJ, Austin KJ, Wilson WC. Limits of detection of bluetongue virus with different assay systems. J Vet Diagn Invest 1990; 2: 103-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879000200203
  30. Zhen S, Changyuan D, Lulu W, Dong-E C, Guoming B, Ming D, Jun L. A novel method for purifying bluetongue virus with high purity by co-immunoprecipitation with agarose protein A. Virol J 2010; 7: 126. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-7-126