Skin Hydration Status and Skin Surface pH According to the Body Parts of the Aged with Immobilization

기동장애 노인의 신체 부위별 피부수분 상태와 피부표면 산성도

  • 한애경 (을지대학교 간호대학 간호학과) ;
  • 원종순 (을지대학교 간호대학 간호학과) ;
  • 김옥수 (을지병원 간호부)
  • Received : 2010.04.05
  • Accepted : 2010.07.22
  • Published : 2010.08.31

Abstract

Purpose: This study was performed to identify skin hydration status and skin surface pH according to the body parts of the aged with immobilization. Methods: The subjects were 101 aged patients in a hospital and a institution for the elderly in Seoul. Data for skin hydration and skin surface pH were collected using corneo-meter and skin pH-meter. The body parts of measurement were 10 parts; face, forearm, back of the hand, flank, upper abdomen, leg, back of the foot, heel, scapular, and sacrum. The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Skin hydration status were relatively low especially on lower extremity and back of body, and skin surface pH of scapular and sacrum were high. There was significant negative correlation between skin hydration status and skin surface pH on the 6 body parts. Conclusion: Skin hydration status and skin surface pH, especially on scapular, sacrum, and lower extremity need to be considered as important control factors for increasing skin health status of the aged with immobilization.

Keywords

References

  1. Ackley, B. J., & Ladwig, G. B. (2008). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby.
  2. Bates-Jensen, B. M., Alessi, C. A., Al-Samarrai, N. R., & Schnelle, J. F. (2003). The effects of an exercise and incontinence intervention on skin health outcomes in nursing home residents. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 348-355. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51108.x
  3. Brosche, T., & Platt, D. (2000). Effect of borage oil consumption on fatty acid metabolism, transepidermal water loss and skin parameters in elderly people. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 30, 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4943(00)00046-7
  4. Cho, K. Y., Chung, Y., Cho, H. Y., Chae, S. N., Rhu, H. H., Son, A. R., et al. (2001). The science of skin. Seoul: Sungwha Publishing.
  5. Choi, H. C., & Oh, C. H. (1993). A Study of dermatosis and skin care in the geriatric population. Korean Journal of Dermatology, 31, 459-464.
  6. Choi, J. S. (1998). A Survey of skin types on physiological phenomenon. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 4(1), 347-363.
  7. Choi, S. J., Song, M. G., Sung, W. T., Lee, D. Y., Lee, J. H., Lee, E. S., et al. (2003). Comparison of transepidermal water loss, capacitance and pH values in the skin between intrinsic and extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 18, 93-96.
  8. Cornell, R. C. (1986). Aging and the skin. Geriatric Medicine, 5, 26-33.
  9. Elsner, P., & Maibach, H. I. (1990). The effect of prolonged drying on transepidermal water loss, capacitance and pH of human vulvar and forearm skin. Acta dermatovenereologica, 70, 105-109.
  10. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G$^{*}$Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  11. Fluhr, J. W., Behne, M. J., Brown, B. E., Moskowitz, D. G., Selden, C., Mao-Qiang, M., et al. (2004). Stratum corneum acidification in neonatal skin: Secretory phospholipase A2 and the sodium/hydrogen antiporter-1 acidify neonatal rat stratum corneum. Journal of Invesitigative Dermatology, 122, 320-329. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202X.2003.00204.x
  12. Hong, J. I., & Kim, J. D. (2007). Health state of women's skin and relevant life style. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 13, 964-975.
  13. Jeon, M. Y., & Kim, H. S. (2008). A study of hygiene and skin pruritus in rural elderly people. Journal of Korean Fundamentals of Nursing, 15, 342-349.
  14. Jowett, S., & Ryan, T. (1985). Skin disease and handicap: An analysis of the impact on skin conditions. Social Science & medicine, 20, 425-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(85)90021-8
  15. Kim, H. J., & Lee, S. H., (2008). The effect of skin surface on epidermal permeability barrier. The Journal of Skin Barrier Research, 10(1), 44-55.
  16. Kuzmina, N., Hagströmer L., & Emtestam, L. (2002). Urea and sodium chloride in moisturizers for skin of the elderly: A comparative, double-blind, randomized study. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, 15, 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1159/000063545
  17. Lee, M. J., Shin, C. S., & Lew, W. (2004). Analysis of the cutaneous manifestations of patients in the intensive care unit. Korean Journal of Dermatology, 42, 1114-1120.
  18. Lee, S. H., Choi, G., & Na, Y. S. (2004). Effect of drinking and smoking on skin health and make-up. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 13, 263-269.
  19. Oh, P. J. (1998). Comparison of effects between tepid sponge bath and vinegar sponge bath in reducing uremic pruritus among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul.
  20. Park, B. D., Kim, Y. H., & Lee, S. H. (2001). Dry skin and its care. The Journal of Skin Barrier Research, 3, 47-54.
  21. Park, M. R., Lee, K. S., & Jang, J. H. (2001). Effects of dietary habits and body composition on skin type 1. Journal of Korean Beauty Society, 7(1), 193-201.
  22. Park, S. B., Kim, S. D., Youn, C. S., Suh, D. H., Eun, H. C., Youn, J. I., et al. (1999). Evaluation of skin surface hydration in diabetic patients using a hydrometer and corneometer. The Korean Journal of Dermatology, 37, 311-319.
  23. Sho, B. W. (2006). Instrumental evaluation of skin surface analysing system. The Journal of Skin Barrier Research, 8(1), 68-75.
  24. Taylor, C., Lillis, C., & LeMone, P. (2005). Fundamentals of nursing; The art and science of nursing care (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  25. Thune, P., Nilsen, T., Hanstad, I. K., Gustavsen, T., & Lövig Dahl, H. (1988). The water barrier function of the skin in relation to the water content of stratum corneum, pH and skin lipids. The effect of alkaline soap and syndet on dry skin in elderly, non-atopic patients. Acta Dermatovenereologica, 68, 277-283.
  26. Winkelman, C. (2009). Bed rest in health and critical illness: a body systems approach. AACN advanced critical care, 20, 254-266. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCI.0b013e3181ac838d
  27. Won, J. S., Han, A. K., & Lee, J. S. (2009). A Study on skin health status and related factors of skin hydration in institutionalized elderly. Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing, 21, 678-690.
  28. Yoo, C. S., Oh, P. J., & Kim, K. S. (1999). Comparison of skin dryness between chronically ill patients and normal persons. The Seoul Journal of Nursing, 13, 174-192.