Journal of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회)
권호 표지

Prevalence of Canine Coronaviral Enteritis in Korea

개 코로나바이러스성 장염의 발생 역학

  • Jeoung, Seok-Young (School of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Ahn, So-Jeo (School of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Pak, Son-Il (School of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Doo (School of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University)
  • 정석영 (강원대학교 수의학부대학) ;
  • 안소저 (강원대학교 수의학부대학) ;
  • 박선일 (강원대학교 수의학부대학) ;
  • 김두 (강원대학교 수의학부대학)
  • Accepted : 2010.04.05
  • Published : 2010.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Canine coronavirus (CCV) is a cause of sporadic outbreaks of enteritis in dogs. This study was performed to carry out epidemiological investigation on the recent outbreaks of CCV enteritis of dogs and determined the potential prognostic factors affecting the survival of dogs. The 131 (34.4%) out of 381 fecal samples collected from dogs with enteritis were positive for CCV by RT-PCR. The fecal samples contained genotype I (30.5%), genotype II (29.0%), and both genotypes (40.5%) of CCV. The majority of dogs with CCV infection ranged 6-18 weeks of age. Age over 18 weeks was significantly associated with higher survival rate (P < 0.05). Of the clinical signs examined, dogs without anorexia were significantly higher survival rate (P < 0.01). The 90.1% of dogs with CCV infection were co-infected by CCV and CPV-2. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that CCV infection is widespread in the Korean dog population and CCV may be attributed to be one of the important agents causing enteritis in pups.

본 연구는 최근 국내에서 발생하는 CCV 장염의 역학적 특성을 조사하기 위하여, 2003년 6월부터 2007년 9월까지 전국의 10개 지역 동물병원에서 설사증상을 보이는 381두의 분변 시료를 채취하였으며, 이중 358두는 혈청학적 검사를 위하여 혈청 시료를 채취하였다. 또한 CCV 장염의 발생에 대한 역학적 조사와 CCV 장염에 이환된 환자의 생존에 영향을 미치는 역학적 요인들에 대하여 조사하였다. 설사증상을 보이는 총 381두중 131두(34.4%)가 CCV 장염으로 확진되었으며, 그 중 30.5%의 변에서는 genotype I이 검출되었고 29.0%에서는 genotype II가 검출되었으며 40.5%에서는 genotype I과 II가 혼합 감염되어 있었다. CCV 장염은 6-18주령의 예방접종을 실시하지 않았거나 불완전하게 실시한 개체에서 주로 발생하였다. 주요 임상증상으로 설사, 구토와 식욕 결핍 증상이 대부분의 환축에서 나타났다. CCV에 이환된 환자 중 나이가 많거나 예방접종을 완료했을 경우 생존율이 높았으며(P < 0.05) 식욕 결핍이 없는 개체일수록 생존율이 높게 나타났다(P < 0.01). CCV 장염에 이환된 환자의 대부분은 개 파보바이러스(CPV-2)와 혼합감염되었으나 이로 인한 생존율에서 유의차는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 국내에서 CCV의 감염은 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, CCV 장염은 어린 개체에서 설사를 일으키는 중요한 요인 중의 하나로 확인되었으므로 CCV 감염된 집단으로부터 감수성 있는 개체를 분리하고 CCV에 대한 예방접종을 실시할 필요성이 제기되고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Appel MJG. Canine coronavirus. In: Virus Infections of Carnivores, ed. The Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers. 1987: 115-122.
  2. Appel MJG. Does canine coronavirus augment the effects of subsequent parvovirus infection? Vet Med 1988; 83: 360-366.
  3. Bandai C, Ishiguro S, Masuya N, Hohdatsu T, Mochizuki M. Canine coronavirus infections in Japan: Virological and epidemiological aspects. J Vet Med Sci 1999; 61: 731-736. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.61.731
  4. Barlough JE, Stoddart CA, Sorresso GP, Jacobson RH, Scott FW. Experimental inoculation of cats with canine coronavirus and subsequent challenge with feline infectious peritonitis virus. Lab Anim Sci 1984; 34: 592-597.
  5. Benetka V, Kolodziejek J, Walk K, M, Mostl K. M gene analysis of atypical strains of feline and canine coronavirus circulating in an Austrian animal shelter. Vet Rec 2006; 159: 170-175. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.159.6.170
  6. Binn LN, Lazar EC, Keenan KP, Huxsoll DL, Marchwicki RH, Strano AJ. Recovery and characterization of a coronavirus from military dogs with diarrhea. Proc US Anim 1974; 78: 359-366.
  7. Carmichael LE, Binn LN. New enteric viruses in the dog. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 1981; 25: 1-37.
  8. Decaro N, Martella V, Ricci D, Elia G, Desario C, Campolo M, Cavaliere N, Di Trani L, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. Genotype-specific fluorogenic RT-PCR assays for the detection and quantification of canine coronavirus type I and type II RNA in faecal samples of dogs. J Virol Methods 2005; 130: 72-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.06.005
  9. Evermann JF, Foreyt W, Maag-Miller L, Leathers CW, McKeirnan AJ, LeaMaster B. Acute hemorrhagic enteritis associated with canine coronavirus and parvovirus in a captive coyote population. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 177: 784-786.
  10. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Applied logistic regression. New York: John-Wilkey & Sons. 1989.
  11. Keenan KP, Jervis HR, Marchwicki RH, Binn LN. Intestinal infection of neonatal dogs with canine coronavirus 1-71: studies by virologic, histologic, histochemical and immunofluorescent techniques. Am J Vet Res 1976; 27: 247-256.
  12. Kim D, Jang W. Detection and epidemiological survey of canine parvoviral enteritis by the polymerase chain reaction. Korea J Vet Clin Med 1997; 14: 177-184.
  13. Lee BH, Jun MH, Huh W. Serologic survey for canine coronavirus infection in Korea. Korean J Vet Publ Health 1993; 17: 259-300.
  14. Mochizuki M, Hashimoto M, Ishida T. Recent epidemiological status of canine viral enteric infections and Giardia infection in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2001; 63: 573-575. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.63.573
  15. Naylor MJ, Harrison GA, Monckton RP, McOrist S, Lehrbach PR, Deane EM. Identification of canine coronavirus strains from feces by S gene nested PCR and molecular characterization of a new Australian isolate. J Cli Microbiol 2001; 39: 1036-1041. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.3.1036-1041.2001
  16. Park HM, Oh TH, Youn SK, Han HR. Studies on the etiological agents in pups with the concurrent intestinal and respiratory tract disorders. Korean J Vet Res 1999; 39: 825-831.
  17. Pratelli A, Buonavoglia D, Martella V, Tempesta M, Lavazza A, Buonavoglia C. Diagnosis of canine coronavirus infection using nested-PCR. J Virol Methods 2000; 84: 91-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(99)00134-2
  18. Pratelli A, Elia G, Martella V, Tinelli A, Decaro N, Marsilio F, Buonavoglia D, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. M gene evolution of canine coronavirus in naturally infected dogs. Vet Rec 2002; 151: 758-761.
  19. Pratelli A, Martella V, Elia G, Decaro N, Aliberti A, Buonavoglia D, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. Variation of the sequence in the gene encoding for transmembrane protein M of canine coronavirus (CCV). Mol Cell Probes 2001; 15: 229-233. https://doi.org/10.1006/mcpr.2001.0364
  20. Pratelli A, Tempesta M, Greco G, Martella V, Buonavoglia C. Development of a nested PCR assay for the detection of canine coronavirus. J Virol Methods 1999; 80: 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(99)00017-8
  21. Pratelli A, Tempesta M, Roperto FP, Sagazio P, Carmichael LE, Buonavoglia C. Fatal coronavirus infection in puppies following canine parvovirus 2b infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 1999; 11: 550-553. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879901100615
  22. Pratelli A, Tinelli A, Decaro N, Camero M, Elia G, Gentile A, Buonavoglia C. PCR assay for the detection and the identification of atypical canine coronavirus in dogs. J Virol Methods 2002; 106: 209-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00165-9
  23. Pratelli A, Tinelli A, Decaro N, Cirone F, Elia G, Roperto S, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia C. Efficacy of an inactivated canine coronavirus vaccine in pups. New Microbiol 2003; 26: 151-155.
  24. Pratelli A, Tinelli A, Decaro N, Martella V, Camero M, Tempesta M, Martini M, Carmichael LE, Buonavoglia C. Safety and efficacy of a modified-live canine coronavirus vaccine in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2004; 99: 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.07.009
  25. Rimmelzwaan GF, Groen J, Egberink H, Borst GHA, UytdeHaag FGCM, Osterhaus ADME. The use of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay systems for serology and antigen detection on parvovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus infections in dogs in the Netherlands. Vet Micorbio 1991; 26: 25-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(91)90039-I
  26. Sakulawira K, Vanapongtipagorn P, Theamboonlers A, Oraveerakul K, Poovorawan Y. Prevalence of canine coronavirus and parvovirus infections in dogs with gastroenteritis in Thailand. Vet Med 2003; 6: 163-167.
  27. Siddell SG. The coronaviridae, an introduction. In: The coronaviridae. New York: Plenum Press. 1995: 1-10.
  28. Stott JL. Coronaviridae. In: Veterinary microbiology. Maldeneds Massachusetts: Blackwell Science. 1999: 418-429.
  29. Tennant BJ, Gaskell RM, Jones RC, Gaskell CJ. Studies on the epizootiology of canine coronavirus. Vet Rec 1993; 132: 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.132.1.7
  30. Tennant BJ, Gaskell RM, Kelly DF, Carter SD, Gaskell CJ. Canine coronavirus infection in the dog following oronasal inoculation. Res Vet Sci 1991; 51: 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(91)90023-H
  31. Vandenberghe J, Ducatelle R, Debouck P, Hoorens J. Coronavirus infection in a litter of pups. Vet Quart 1980; 2: 136-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1980.9693771
  32. Wang Y, Ma G, Lu C, Wen H. Detection of canine coronaviruses genotype I and II in raised canidae animals in China. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 119: 35-39.
  33. Wesley RD. The S gene of canine coronavirus, strain UCD- 1, is more closely related to the S gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus than to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus. Virus Res 1999; 145-152.
  34. Yoon KB, Kang MI, Park DU. Seroepidemiological survey on canine distemper, canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, canine adenovirus type-2, canine parainfluenza virus of dogs by indirect immunofluorescent test. Korean J Vet Res 1995; 35: 75-85.
  35. Zarnke LR, Evermann J, Ver Hoef JM, Mcnay ME, Boertje RD, Gardner CL, Adams LG, Dale BW, Burch J. Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska. J Wildlife Dis 2001; 37: 740-745. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740