KIPE Magazine (전력전자학회지)

The Korean Institute of Power Electronics (전력전자학회)
권호 표지

멀티 레벨 컨버터 시대의 도래

  • Published : 2010.06.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Keywords

References

  1. J. Rodriguez, J.-S. Lai, and F.Z. Peng, ''Multilevel inverters: A survey of topologies, controls, and applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 724-738, Aug. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.801052
  2. J.-S. Lai and F. Zheng Peng, "Multilevel convertersa new breed of power converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 509--517, May 1985.
  3. J. Rodriguez, S. Bernet, B. Wu, J. Pontt, and S. Kouro, "Multilevel voltage-source-converter topologies for industrial medium-voltage drives," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2930-2945, Dec. 2007.
  4. A BenAbdelghani, C.A. Martins, X. Roboam, and T.A. Meynard, "Use of extra degrees of freedom in multilevel drives," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 965-977, Oct. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.803183
  5. Z. Pan, F.Z. Peng, K.A. Corzine, V.R. Stefanovic, J.M. Leuthen, and S. Gataric, "Voltage balancing control of diode-clamped multilevel rectifier/ inverter systems," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1698-1706, Nov. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2005.857473
  6. B. Ozpineci, L.M. Tolbert, and J.N. Chiasson, "Harmonic optimization of multilevel converters using genetic algorithms," IEEE Power Electron. Lett., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 92-95, Sept. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPEL.2005.856713
  7. B.P. McGrath, D.G. Holmes, and T. Meynard, "Reduced PWM harmonic distortion for multilevel inverters operating over a wide modulation range," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 941-949, July 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2006.876864
  8. M. Marchesoni and P. Tenca, "Diode-clamped multilevel converters: A practicable way to balance dc-link voltages," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 752-765, Aug. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.801237
  9. K.A. Corzine and X. Kou, "Capacitor voltage balancing in full binary combination schema flying capacitor multilevel inverters," IEEE Power Electron. Lett., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 2-5, Mar. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPEL.2003.814644
  10. M. Marchesoni, "High-performance current control techniques for application to multilevel highpower voltage source inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 189-204, Jan. 1992. https://doi.org/10.1109/63.124591
  11. A Bendre and G. Venkataramanan, ''Neutral current ripple minimization in a three-level rectifier," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 582-590, Mar. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2005.863902
  12. Z. Du, L.M. Tolbmt, and J.N. Chiasson, ''Active harmonic elimination for multilevel converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 459--469, Mar. 2006.
  13. L.G. Franquelo, J. Napoles, R. Portillo, J.I. Leon, and M. Aguirre, "A flexible selective harmonic mitigation technique to meet grid codes in threelevel PWM convelters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 3022-3029, Dec. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2007.907045
  14. C. Rech and J.R. Pinheiro, ''Hybrid multilevel converters: Unified analysis and design considerations," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 1092-1104, Apr. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2007.892255
  15. L. Yacoubi, K. AI-Haddad, L.-A. Dessaint, and F. Fnaiech, ''Linear and nonlinear control techniques for a three-phase three-level NPC boost rectifier," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1908-1918, Dec. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2006.881990
  16. P. Lezana, C.A. Silva, J. Rodrguez, and M.A. Prez, "Zero-steady-state-error input-current controller for regenerative multilevel convelters based on single-phase cells," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 733-740, Apr. 2007.
  17. A. Nabae, I. Takahashi, and H. Akagi, "A neutralpoint clamped PWM inverter ," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 1A-17, no. 5, pp. 518-523, Sept. 1981.
  18. T.A. Meynard and H. Foch, "Multi-level choppers for high voltage applications," in Proc. European Conf. Power Electronics and Applications, 1992, pp.45-50.
  19. M. Marchesoni, M. Mazzucchelli, and S. Tenconi, ''A nonconventional power converter for plasma stabilization," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 212-219, Apr. 1991.
  20. T. Ghiara, M. Marchesoni, L. Puglisi, and G. Sciutto, ''A modular approach to converter design for high power ac drives," in Proc. 4th Eur. Conf. Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '91), Firenze, Italy, Sept. 1991, pp. 4-477/4-482.
  21. N.S. Choi, J.G. Cho, and G.H. Cho, ''A general circuit topology of multilevel inverter," in PESc' 91 Conf. Rec., Cambridge, MA, June 1991, pp. 96-103.
  22. M. Carpita, M. Fracchia, and S. Tenconi, ''A novel multilevel structure for voltage source inverter ," in Proc. EPE' 91, Firenze, Italy, Sept. 1991. pp. 1- 090/1-094.
  23. B. Wu, High Power Converters and AC Drives. New York: IEEE Press/Wiley, Oct. 2005.
  24. P.K. Steimer, 'High power electronics, trends of technology and applications," presented at PCIM' 07, Nuremberg, Germany, May 2007.
  25. N. Zargari and S. Rizzo, "Medium voltage drives in industrial applications," Technical Seminar, IEEE Toronto Section, Nov. 2004.
  26. R.D. Klug and N. Klaassen, "High power medium voltage drives: Innovations, portfolio, trends," in Proc. Conf. Rec. EPE, Dresden, Germany, Sept. 2005..
  27. S. Bernet, "State of the art and developments of medium voltage converters: An overview," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 1- 10, May 2006.
  28. J. Rodriguez, J. Pontt, G. Alzamora, N. Becker, O. Einenkel, and A. Weinstein, "Novel 20 MW downhill conveyor system using three-level converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1093-1100, Oct. 2002.
  29. S. Alepuz, S. Busquets-Monge, J. Bordonau, J. Gago, D. Gonzalez, and J. Balcells, "Interfacing renewable energy sources to the utility grid using a three-level inverter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1504-1511, Oct. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2006.882021
  30. R.C. Portillo, M.M. Prats, J.I. Leon, J.A. Sanchez, J.M. Carrasco, E. Galvan, and L.G. Franquelo, "Modeling strategy for back-to-back three-level converters applied to high-power wind turbines," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1483-1491, Oct. 2006.
  31. T. Meynard, H. Foch, P. Thomas, J. Cournault, R. Jakob, and M. Nahrstaedt, "Multicell converters: basic concepts and industry applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 955-964, Oct. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.803174
  32. J. Dixon, L. Moran, E. Rodriguez, and R Domke, "Reactive power compensation technologies: State-of-the-art review," Proc. IEEE, vol. 93, no. 12, Dec. 2005, pp. 2144-2164. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2005.859937
  33. L.A. Tolbert, F.Z. Peng, T. Cunnyngham, and J.N. Chiasson, "Charge balance control schemes for cascade multilevel converter in hybrid electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1058-1064, Oct. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.803213
  34. D. Zhong, L.M. Tolbert, J.N. Chiasson, B. Ozpineci, Li Hui, and A.Q. Huang, "Hybrid cascaded Hbridges multilevel motor drive control for electric vehicles," in Proc. 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf., PESC '06, June 2006, pp. 1-6.
  35. A. Rahiman, U. Kumar, and V. Ranganathan, "A novel fifteen level inverter for photovoltaic power supply system," in Proc. IEEE Industry Applications Society Ann. Meeting, Seattle, WA, 2004, pp. 1165-1171.
  36. R.L. Naik and K.R.Y. Udaya, "A novel technique for control of cascaded multilevel inverter for photovoltaic power supplies," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Power Electronics and Applications, Sept. 2005.
  37. M. Calais, V.G. Agelidis, L.J. Borle, and M.S. Dymond, "A transformerless five level cascaded based single phase photovoltaic system," in Proc. IEEE 31st Ann. Power Electronics Specialists Conf. (PESC' 00), vol. 3, Galway, Ireland, 2000, pp. 1173-1178.
  38. C.-C. Hua, C.-W. Wu, and C.-W. Chuang, "Control of low-distortion 27-level cascade inverter with three H-bridge inverter modules," in Proc. . IEEE Int. Conf. Industrial Technology, ICIT 2006, Dec. 2006. pp. 277-282.
  39. J. Sabate, L.J. Garces, P.M. Szczesny, Li Qiming, and W.F. Wirth, "High-power high-fidelity switching amplifier driving gradient coils for MRI systems," in Proc. IEEE 35th Ann. Power Electronics Specialists Conf., PESC 04, Aachen, Germany, June 2004, pp. 261-266.
  40. J. Espinoza and G. Joos, ''power converter system simulation using high level languages," in Conf. Record IEEE 4th Workshop Computers in Power Electronics, Trois-Rivieres, Canada, Aug. 1994, pp.79-84.
  41. T.A. Meynard, M. Fadel, and N. Aouda, "Modeling of multilevel converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 356-364, June 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/41.585833
  42. G. Gateau, M. Fadel, P. Maussion, R. Bensaid, and T. Meynard, "Multicell converters: Active control and observation of flying-capacitor voltages," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 5, pp.998-1008, Oct. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.803200
  43. C.T. Rim, D.Y. Hu, and G.H. Cho, "'Transformers as equivalent circuits for switches: General proofs and D-Q transformation-based analyses," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 777-785, July 1990. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.56005
  44. S.B. Han, N.s. Choi, C.T. Rim, and G.H. Cho, "Modeling and analysis of static and dynamic characteristics for buck-type three-phase PWM rectifier by circuit DQ transformation," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 323- 336, Mar. 2001.
  45. G. Escobar, J. Leyva-Ramos, J.M. Carrasco, E. Galvan, R. Portillo, M.M. Prats, and L.G. Franquelo, "Modeling of a three level converter used in a synchronous rectifier application," in Proc. IEEE 35th Ann. Power Electronics Specialists Conf. (PESC2004), vol. 6, Aachen,Germany, pp. 4306-4311.
  46. L.M. Tolbert, F.Z. Peng, and T.G. Habetler, "Multilevel converters for large electric drives," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 36- 44, Jan. 1999. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.740843
  47. R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg, J.K. Pedersen, E . Cengelci, S. Sulistijo, B. Woo, and P. Enjeti, "Multilevel converters-A survey," in Proc. Eur. Power Electronics Conf., 1999, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 408-418.
  48. J. Holtz, "Pulsewidth modulation for electronic power conversion," Proc. IEEE, vol. 82, no. 8, Aug. 1994, pp. 1194-1214. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.301684
  49. G. Carrara, S. Gardella, M. Marchesoni, R. Salutari, and G. Sciutto, ''A new multilevel PWM method: A theoretical analysis," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 497-505, July 1992. https://doi.org/10.1109/63.145137
  50. B.P. McGrath and D.G. Holmes, "Multicarrier PWM strategies for multilevel inverters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 858-867, Aug. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.801073
  51. M.D. Manjrekar, P.K. Steimer, and T.A. Lipo, "Hybrid multilevel power conversion system: A competitive solution for high-power applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 834-841, May 2000. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.845059
  52. O.M. Mueller and J.N. Park, "Quasi-linear IGBT inverter topologies," in Proc. APEC' 94, Feb. 1994, pp.253-259.
  53. A. Damiano, M. Fracchia, M. Marchesoni, and I. Marongiu, ''A new approach in multilevel power conversion," in Proc. 7th Eur. Conf. Power Electronics and Applications (EPE '97), Trondheim, Norway, Sept. 1997, pp. 4.216-4.221.
  54. A. Damiano, M. Marchesoni, I. Marongiu, and A. Taffone, "Optimization of harmonic performances in multilevel converter structures," presented at ISIE' 97 Conference, Guimaraes, Portugal, July 1997.
  55. K.E. Bornhardt, "Novel modulation techniques for DC-side commutated inverters," in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Power Electronics and Variable-Speed Drives, July 1990, 1991, pp. 92-97.
  56. M.M. Prats, J.M. Carrasco, and L.G. Franquelo, "Effective algorithm for multilevel converters with very low computational cost," IEEE Electron. Lett., vol. 38, no. 22, pp. 1398-1400, Oct. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20020906
  57. M.M. Prats, J.M. Carrasco, L.G. Franquelo, "Effective modulation algorithm for three-level converters," in Proc. Int. Conf. Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion and Power Quality (PCIM 02) , Nuremberg, Germany, May 2002, pp. 621-627.
  58. N. Celanovic and D. Boroyevich, "A fast spacevector modulation algorithm for multilevelthree-phase converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 637-641, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.913731
  59. M.M. Prats, L.G. Franquelo, R. Portillo, J.I. Leon, E. Galvan, and J.M. Carrasco, ''A anD space vector modulation generalized algorithm for multilevel converters," IEEE Power Electron. Lett., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 110-114, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPEL.2004.825561
  60. M.M. Prats, J.I. Leon, R. Portillo, J.M. Carrasco, and L.G. Franquelo, "A novel space-vector algorithm for multilevel converters based on geometrical considerations using a new sequence control technique," J. Circuits, Syst. Comput., vol. 13. no. 4, pp. 845-861, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126604001647
  61. M.M. Prats, J.M. Carrasco, and L.G. Franquelo, 'New space vector modulation algorithms applied to multilevel converters with balanced dc-link voltage," HAlT J. Sci. Eng. B., vol. 2, no. 5-6, pp. 690-714, 2005.
  62. J. Pou, D. Boroyevich, and R. Pindado, "New feedforward space-vector PWM method to obtain balanced AC output voltages in a three-level neutral- point-clamped converter," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1026-1034, Oct. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.803207
  63. L.G. Franquelo, J.I. Leon, M.M. Prats, and R. Portillo, "Space vector modulation techniques for multilevel converters-A survey," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 2006, no. 4, pp. 56-61, 2006.
  64. S. Buso, L. Malesani, and P. Mattavelli, "Comparison of current control techniques for active filter applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 722-729, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1109/41.720328
  65. M.P. Kazmierkowski and L. Malesani, "Current control techniques for three- phase voltage source PWM converters: A survey," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 691-703, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1109/41.720325
  66. L.G. Franquelo, M.M. Prats, R. Portillo, J.I. Leon, J.M. Carrasco, E. Galvan. M. Perales, and J .L. Mora, "Three dimensional space vector modulation algorithm for four-leg multilevel converters using abc coordinates," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 458-466, Apr. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2006.870884
  67. L. Li, D. Czarkowski, Y. Liu, and P. Pillay, "Multilevel selective harmonic elimination PWM technique in series-connected voltage inverters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 160-170, Jan. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1109/28.821811
  68. J. Rodriguez, L. Moran, P. Correa, and C. Silva, ''A vector control technique for medium-voltage multilevel inverters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 882-888, Aug. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.801235
  69. S. Kouro, R. Bernal, C. Silva, J. Rodriguez, and J. Pontt, "High performance torque and flux control for multilevel inverter fed induction motors," in Proc. 32nd Ann. Conf. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON' 06), Paris, France, Nov. 2006, pp. 805-810.
  70. N. Celanovic and D. Boroyevich, ''A comprehensive study of neutral point voltage balancing problem in three-level-neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 15, pp. 242-249, Mar. 2000.
  71. S. Ogasawara and H. Akagi, "Analysis of variation of neutral point potential in neutralpointclamped voltage source PWM inverters," in Proc. IEEE-IAS Ann. Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 1993, pp. 965-970.
  72. C. Newton and M. Sumner, "Neutral point control for multi-level inverters: Theory, design, and operational limitations," in Proc. IEEE-IAS Ann. Meeting, New Orleans, LA, 1997, pp. 1136-1343.
  73. J.E. Espinoza, J.R. Espinoza, and L.A Moran, ''A systematic controller design approach for neutralpoint- clamped three-level inverters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1589-1599, Dec. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2005.858719
  74. A. Bendre, G. Venkataramanan, D. Rosene, and V. Srinivasan, "Modeling and design of a neutralpoint voltage regulator for a three-level diode clamped inverter using multiple-carrier modulation," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 718-726, June 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2006.874424
  75. T.A. Meynard, H. Foch, P. Thomas, J. Courault, R. Jakob, and M. Nahrstaedt, "Multicell converters: Basic concepts and industry applications." IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 955-964, Oct. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.803174
  76. D. Zhong, L.M. Tolbert, J.N. Chiasson, and B. Ozpineci, "A cascade multilevel inverter using a single DC source," in Proc. 21st Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. and Exposition, Mar. 2006, pp.426-430.
  77. M. Perez, J. Rodriguez, J. Pontt, and S. Kouro, ''power distribution in hybrid multi-cell convelter with nearest level modulation," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2007), Vigo, Spain, June 2007, pp. 736-741.
  78. A.K. Gupta and A.M. Khambadkone, "A space vector modulation scheme to reduce common mode voltage for cascaded multilevel inverters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1672-1681, Sept. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2007.904195
  79. P.C. Loh, D.G. Holmes, Y. Fukuta, and T.A. Lipo, "Reduced common-mode modulation strategies for cascaded multilevel inverters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1386- 1395, Sept. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2003.816547
  80. J. Rodriguez, J. Pontt, P. Correa, P. Cortes, and C. Silva, "A new modulation method to reduce common- mode voltages in multilevel inverters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 834-839, Aug. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2004.831735
  81. P.C. Loh, D.G. Holmes, and T.A. Lipo, "Implementation and control of distributed PWM cascaded multilevel inverters with minimal harmonic distortion and common-mode voltage," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 90-99, Jan. 2005.
  82. C. Turpin, P. Baudesson, F. Richardeau, F. Forest, and T. Meynard, ''Fault management of multicell converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, pp. 988-997, Oct. 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2002.803196
  83. S. Ceballos, J. Pou, I. Gabiola, J. Villate, J.Zaragoza, and D. Boroyevich, "Fault-tolerant multilevel converter topology," in Proc. 2006 IEEE Int. Symp. Industrial Electronics, July 2006, pp. 1577-1582.
  84. J. Rodriguez, P. Hammond, .J. Pontt, R. Musalem, P. Lezana and M.J. Escobar, "Operation of a medium-voltage drive under faulty conditions," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1080-1085, Aug. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2005.851645
  85. X. Kou, K. Corzine, and Y. Familiant, "A unique fault-tolerant design for flying capacitor multilevel inverter," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 979-987, July 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2004.830037
  86. P. Lezana, J. Rodriguez, and R. Aguilera, ''Fault detection on multicell converter based on output voltage frequency analysis," in Proc. Industrial Electronics Conf., Paris, France, Nov. 2006, pp. 1691-1696.
  87. E. da Silva, W. Lima, A de Oliveira, C. Jacobina, and H. Razik, "Detection and compensation of switch faults in a three level inverter," in Proc. 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conf., June 2006, pp. 1-7.
  88. S. Bernet, D. Krug, S. Fazel, and K. Jalili, "Design and comparison of 4.16 kV neutral point clamped, flying capacitor and series connected Hbridge multi-level converters," in Proc. 40th lAS Ann. Meeting, Hong Kong, Oct. 2005, pp. 121- 128.