Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

  • 제31권9호
  • /
  • Pages.2483-2487
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  • 2010
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  • 0253-2964(pISSN)
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  • 1229-5949(eISSN)
대한화학회 (Korean Chemical Society)
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Metal Ion Catalysis in Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of 4-Nitrophenyl Picolinate with Alkali Metal Ethoxides in Anhydrous Ethanol

  • Hong, Yeon-Ju (Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Kim, Song-I (Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Um, Ik-Hwan (Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University)
  • 투고 : 2010.06.16
  • 심사 : 2010.07.10
  • 발행 : 2010.09.20
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초록

Pseudo-first-order rate constants ($k_{obsd}$) were measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4-nitrophenyl picolinate (6) with alkali metal ethoxides (EtOM, $M^+\;=\;K^+$, $Na^+$ and $Li^+$) in anhydrous ethanol at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The plot of $k_{obsd}$ vs. [EtOM] exhibits upward curvature regardless of the nature of $M^+$ ions. However, the plot for the reaction of 6 with EtOK is linear with significantly decreased $k_{obsd}$ values when 18-crown-6-ether (18C6, a complexing agent for $K^+$ ion) is added in the reaction medium. Dissection of $k_{obsd}$ into $k_{EtO^-}$ and $k_{EtOM}$ (i.e., the second-order rate constant for the reaction with dissociated $EtO^-$ and ion-paired EtOM, respectively) has revealed that ion-paired EtOM is 3~17 times more reactive than dissociated $EtO^-$. The reaction has been proposed to proceed through a 5-membered cyclic transition state, in which $M^+$ ion increases the electrophilicity of the reaction site. Interestingly, $Na^+$ ion exhibits the largest catalytic effect. The presence of a nitrogen atom in the pyridine moiety of 6 has been suggested to be responsible for the high $Na^+$ ion selectivity.

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