Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Analysis of the Factors Relating Nutritional Status in Discharging of Leukemia Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

항암화학요법을 받고 있는 혈액암 환자의 퇴원시 영양 상태와 관련한 요인 분석

  • So, Eun-Jin (Nutrition Department of the Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Jee-Yeon (Nutrition Department of the Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Jung, Su-Jin (Nutrition Department of the Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Park, Sook (Nutrition Department of the Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital)
  • 소은진 (가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원) ;
  • 김지연 (가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원) ;
  • 정수진 (가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원) ;
  • 박숙 (가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원)
  • Received : 2010.01.04
  • Accepted : 2010.02.17
  • Published : 2010.02.28
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Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the changes of oral diet intake during the admission period and identify the factors related with nutritional status in discharging of leukemia patients. This is a retrospective cross sectional study on 46 leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy at the Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital from July to September 2009. The patients' charts were surveyed on the general characteristics and factors relating chemotherapy. The calorie count method was used to investigate diet intake during admission period. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible confounding factors. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age was $42.8\;{\pm}\;14.6$ years and the average length of stay was $30.4\;{\pm}\;7.0$ days. The incidence of malnourished patients was 60.9% in discharging. There was a significant difference in chemotherapy sessions and chemotherapy period between well-nourished and malnourished patients. The average energy intake was 1,525.9 kcal in well-nourished patients and 1,143 kcal in malnourished patients, which was significant different. From repeated measures ANOVA test, the changes of oral intake during admission period were significant by groups. In addition, there were significant differences in oral intake according to each period between well-nourished and malnourished patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, both the ratio of total oral energy intake to recommended energy intake and chemotherapy sessions were significantly associated with nutritional status in discharging. The results of this study could be used to establish a protocol of nutritional management for leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy.

본 연구는 2009년 7월 6일부터 9월 20일까지 가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원 혈액암 병동에 재원 했었던 혈액암 환자 46명을 대상으로 시행하였으며 재원기간 동안의 식사섭취량 변화를 중심으로 영양 상태에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인을 분석함으로써 영양관리지침을 세우는데 근거를 마련하고자 시작하였다. 이에 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 연구 대상자의 성별 구성비는 동일하며 평균 연령은 42.8세이다. 평균 재원기간은 30.4일이며 항암화학요법 후 평균 21일 만에 퇴원하는 것으로 나타났고 재원기간 동안 평균 4.1%로 체중이 감소되는 것으로 조사되었다. 급성골수성백혈병 환자의 비율이 82.6%로 대부분을 차지하였고 항암화학요법의 종류로는 관해요법 39.1%, 공고요법 43.5%, 재관해요법 17.4%로 조사되었다. 2) 비교군 별 비교에 있어서는 영양 상태가 불량한 군에서 항암화학요법 기간이 긴 것으로 분석되었고 관해요법을 받는 환자가 유의적으로 많았다. 3) 비교군 별 경구섭취상태를 조사한 결과 영양권장량에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 경구식사섭취열량이 영양 상태가 양호한 군은 1,525.9 kcal, 불량한 군은 1,143.1 kcal로 유의적인 차이를 보였고, 이 외에도 경구식사섭취단백질량, 경구간식섭취단백질량, 권장량 대비 총 경구섭취열량비율과 단백질섭취비율에 있어서 영양 상태가 양호한 군이 유의적으로 많이 섭취하는 것으로 분석되었다. 4) 항암화학요법 기간 동안의 경구섭취량 변화를 비교한 결과 비교군간 유의적인 차이를 보였을 뿐 아니라 기간별 식사섭취량이 유의적으로 변화되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 두 군 모두 항암화학요법 후 2주일째 식사섭취량이 급격히 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 기간별 간식섭취량에 있어서는 경구간식섭취단백질량이 항암화학요법 후 2주일째에 비교군간 유의적인 차이를 보였으나 기간별 변화는 유의적이지 않았다. 5) 퇴원 시 영양 상태에 대한 설명력 있는 변수를 로지스틱회귀분석을 통해 분석한 결과, 식사섭취열량과 관련한 대표변수인 권장량 대비 경구섭취열량과 항암화학치료와 관련한 대표변수인 항암화학요법 종류 모두 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 항암치료를 받고 있는 혈액암 환자의 퇴원시 영양 상태와 관련한 요인은 권장량 대비 경구섭취열량과 항암화학요법 종류로 분석되었으며 항암화학요법 후 2주째 식사섭취량이 급격히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 항암화학요법 기간 동안의 영양 상태 저하를 예방하기 위해 항암화학요법 종류와 경구섭취량의 변화 기간을 고려한 영양관리 접근이 효율적일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 한편 본 연구는 혈액암 병동에 재원 했었던 백혈병 환자를 대상으로 입원부터 퇴원까지 전 기간 동안의 경구 섭취량을 분석한 최초의 연구라는 점에 의의를 둘 수 있지만 정맥영양공급량을 고려하지 못한 것과 경구 섭취량을 감소시키는 주요인을 함께 분석하지 못했다는 것에 제한점이 있다. 이에 향후 본 연구를 기초로 제한점을 보완한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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