Journal of the Korean Geographical Society (대한지리학회지)

The Korean Geographical Society (대한지리학회)
권호 표지

Representation Types of Gog and Magog in Old Western Maps

서양고지도에 나타난 곡과 마곡의 표현 유형

  • Jung, In-Chul (Dept. of Geography Education, College of Education, Pusan National University)
  • 정인철 (부산대학교 사범대학 지리교육과)
  • Received : 2010.02.05
  • Accepted : 2010.03.05
  • Published : 2010.03.31
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Abstract

For the study of the development of Asia map made by european map makers, one should consider Gog and Magog which existed in the maps for more than 700 years. Gog and Magog are described as an apocalyptic people in the Bible and medieval literature, and they are important elements in medieval mappaemundi and early modem world maps. This study classified representation types of Gog and Magog in old western maps. Maps were classed in to six categories according to the location and ethnic groups which they represent, and they were discussed in cartographic context. The maps until the fourteenth century place Gog and Magog, shut up by Alexander, near Caspian Sea. In the fifteenth century, Gog and Magog were described as Closed Jews in maps. From the sixteenth century they appear in the far northeastern part of Asia and they are named as Amagog or Ung and Mongul. In the mid-seventeenth century, they are located in Eastern Siberia by French cartographers. But with the expansion of geographic knowledge, Gog and Magog disappeared completely in the eighteenth century. In general, God and Magog were represented on the basis of traditional lore rather than on the Bible, and they became one means of mapping others of European community.

유럽인이 제작한 동아시아 지도를 이해하기 위해서는 700년 이상 지도상에 존재한 곡과 마곡의 이해가 필수적이다. 곡과 마곡은 종말의 민족으로 성경과 문학서에 표현되어 있는데, 곡과 마곡은 중세지도와 초기근대지도의 연구에 있어서 반드시 고려해야할 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 서양고지도에 나타난 곡과 마곡의 표현 방법을 유형화하였다. 이를 위해 위치와 지칭 대상에 의해 여섯 가지 유형으로 지도를 분류하였고 지도학적 맥락에서 곡과 마곡의 표현을 논의하였다. 14세기까지의 지도들은 알렉산더에 의해 카스피 해 근처에 갇혀있는 적으로 곡과 마곡을 표현했으나, 15세기부터는 갇힌 유대인으로 표현한 지도들이 나타났다. 그리고 16세기부터는 동북아시이에 아마곡이나 웅과 몽골로 표기되었으며, 17세기 중반에는 프랑스 지도학자들에 의해 동시베리아의 타타르 지역으로 표현되었다. 그러나 18세기에는 지리정보의 확충으로 인해 지도상에서 완전히 사라진다. 지도의 내용은 지도제작자가 성경에 관점을 두느냐 아니면 대중적인 이야기에 초점을 두느냐에 따라 달라지지만, 전반적으로 곡과 마곡은 성경이 아닌 민간의 전승에 초점을 두고 표현되었으며, 유럽공동제의 타자 표현의 한 수단이 되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 부산대학교

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