Development of Digital Watermarking Technology to Protect Cadastral Map Information

  • Received : 2010.07.30
  • Accepted : 2010.08.26
  • Published : 2010.09.30

Abstract

This research aimed to prevent illegal distribution and reproduction of digital cadastral map information using digital watermarking. To this end, a digital watermarking was developed in consideration of the properties of cadastral maps and based on watermarking methods, after which its performance was evaluated. A watermark key and a one-way function was used to compensate for the algorithm and, therefore, watermarking security, based on the existing research results. In these ways, the present method meets the requirements for fidelity, robustness, false positive rate and the maintenance of consistent topology. The advanced techniques suggested in this paper were devised so as to be suitable for vector data such as GIS and navigation data as well as cadastral maps. Moreover, if the existing methodology is further improved, it could be expected to be used even more widely.

본 연구에서는 디지털워터마킹 방법을 이용하여 디지털 지적도면의 불법유통과 불법복제 등을 방지할 수 있는 대책을 마련하여 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기존 연구의 워터마킹 방법을 토대로 지적도면의 특성에 적합하도록 디지털 워터마킹 방법을 개발하고, 이에 대한 성능을 평가하여 보았다. 연구결과, 기존 연구성과를 토대로 워터마크키와 일방함수를 이용하여 알고리즘을 보완함으로써 워터마킹의 보안성을 강화하였다. 또한 충실도, 강인성, 긍정적 오류율을 모두 만족시키는 동시에 위상 관계 역시 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 방법은 지적도면 뿐만 아니라 GIS, 네비게이션 데이터와 같은 벡터데이터에도 이용 가능하도록 개선하였기 때문에 향후 방법론에 대한 추가적인 보완을 통한다면 보다 광범위하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Y.H. Ko, 2002, "Object-Oriented Watermarking Method based on PSADT and Two-Layer Watermarking Method", PhD Thesis, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.
  2. H.S. Kim, 2005, Digital Watermarking, Green Publishing.
  3. J. Zhao, E. Koch, 1998, "A Generic Digital Watermarking Model", Computer & Graphics, 22(4):397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0097-8493(98)00029-6
  4. H.C. Wu, C.C. Chang, 2005, "A Novel Digital Image Watermarking Scheme based on the Vector Quantization Technique", Computers & Security, 24(6):460-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2005.05.001
  5. T.V. Nguyen, J.C. Patra, 2008, "A Simple ICA-based Digital Image Watermarking Scheme", Digital Signal Processing, 18(5):762-776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2007.10.004
  6. C. Jin, 2006, "Affine Invariant Watermarking Algorithm using Feature Matching", Digital Signal Processing, 16(3):247-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2005.11.008
  7. A.A. Mohammad, A.A, Sameer, 2008, "An Improved SVD-based Watermarking Scheme for Protecting Rightful Ownership", Signal Processing, 88(9):2158-2180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.02.015
  8. G. Voyatzis, I. Pitas, 1998, "Digital Image Watermarking using Mixing Systems", Computers & Graphics, 22(4):405-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0097-8493(98)00030-2
  9. K.S. Jonathan, H.Frank and G.Bernd, 1998, "Digital Watermarking of Text, Image, and Video Documents", Computers & Graphics, 22(6):687-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0097-8493(98)00089-2
  10. M.C. Hu, D.C. Lou, M.C. Chang, 2007, "Dual-wrapped Digital Watermarking Scheme for Image Copyright Protection", Computers & Security, 26(4):319-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2006.11.007
  11. S.H Joo, Y.H. Suh, J.H. Shin, and Hisakazu Kikuchi, 2002, "A New Robust Watermark Embedding into Wavelet DC Components", ETRI Journal, 24(5):401-404,. https://doi.org/10.4218/etrij.02.0202.0502
  12. J.Y. Kim, S.H. Park, 2008, "Vector Map Data Watermarking Method using Binary Notation", The Journal of Geographic Information System Association of Korea, 14(4):385-395.
  13. V.Solachidis, N.Nikolaidis, and I.Pitas, 2000, "Fourier descriptors watermarking of vector graphics images", Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, Vancouver, Canada.
  14. I.Kitamura, S.Kanai, and T.Kishinami, 2001, "Copyright Protection of Vector map using Digital Watermarking Method based on Discrete Fourier Transform", Proceedings of the IEEE 2001 International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Sydney, Australia.
  15. Y.Y.Li, and L.P.Xu, 2003, "A Blind Watermarking of Vector Graphics Images", Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications, Xi'an, China.
  16. M.Voigt, B.Yang, and C.Busch, 2004, "Reversible Watermarking of 2D-Vector Data", Proceedings of the 2004 Multimedia and Security Workshop on Multimedia and security, Magdeburg, Germany, 2004.
  17. R.Ohbuchi, H.Ueda, and S.Endoh, 2002, "Robust Watermarking of Vector Digital Maps", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  18. H.I. Kang, K.I. Kim, and J.U. Choi, 2001, "A vector watermarking using the generalized square mask", Proceedings of International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
  19. M.Voigt, and C.Busch, 2003, "Feature-based Watermarking of 2D Vector Data", Proceedings of the SPIE-Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Content, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
  20. C.Y.Shao, H.L.Wang, X.M.Niu, and X.T.Wang, 2006, "A Shape-preserving Method for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps based on Statistic Detection", Proceedings of IEICE-Transactions on Information and Systems, vol.E89–D, no.3, pp.1290-1293.
  21. H.H. Song, 2004, "Robust Image Watermarking Algorithm using DWT and Fuzzy Inference", PhD Thesis, Mokwon Unviersity.