The Korean Journal of Malacology (한국패류학회지)

The Malacological Society of Korea (한국패류학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Rearing Condition and Species of Microalgae on Growth and Survival of Larvae of the Sunray Surf Clam, Mactra chinensis

사육환경과 먹이종류에 따른 개량조개, Mactra chinensis 유생의 성장과 생존

  • Min, Byeong-Hee (Busan Marine Fisheries Resources Research Institute) ;
  • Shin, Hyo-Jin (Busan Marine Fisheries Resources Research Institute)
  • 민병희 (부산광역시 수산자원연구소) ;
  • 신효진 (부산광역시 수산자원연구소)
  • Received : 2010.09.09
  • Accepted : 2010.12.13
  • Published : 2010.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Rearing condition and species of microalgae on growth and survival of the sunray surf clam, Mactra chinensis larvae were investigated for artificial seedling production. The larvae of M. chinensis on higher temperature showed high growth and low survival and was grown over $230{\mu}m$ in shell length 14 days after hatching, but low growth as $151.1{\mu}m$ at $18^{\circ}C$. The larvae of M. chinensis on salinity showed highest daily growth and survival as $11.3{\mu}m$ and 65.8% at 30 psu, respectively. The optimum of water temperature and salinity for the larval rearing were $23^{\circ}C$ and 30-35 psu over 25 psu at least. The density of larval rearing was below 10 per 1 ml in rearing seawater for elevating the development rate from D-shaped to settled (metamorphosing) stage. The larvae fed the mixed diet of Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri, Isochrysis sp. (green), Chlorella ellipsoidea showed highest growth and survival. The larvae fed the single diet of I. galbana, Isochrysis sp. (green) showed high growth and survival. But the larvae fed the single diet of P. lutheri and C. ellipsoidea showed low growth and survival. The optimum diet of larvae of M. chinensis was over two species of microalgae included I. galbana, Isochrysis sp. (green) for elevating the high growth and survival.

개량조개의 인공종묘생산을 위한 유생사육의 최적 사육환경과 먹이생물의 종류에 따른 유생의 성장 및 생존을 조사하였다. 수온에 따른 유생의 성장은 $18^{\circ}C$에서 $33^{\circ}C$까지 수온이 높을수록 빨랐으며, $23^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 사육 14일째 $230{\mu}m$ 이상 성장하였으나 $18^{\circ}C$에서는 $151.1{\mu}m$로 성장이 부진하였다. 염분별 유생사육 시 염분 30 psu에서 일간 성장은 $11.3{\mu}m$로 가장 빨랐고, 생존율도 65.8%로 가장 높았다. 개량조개 유생은 사육수 1 ml 당 10개체 이하의 밀도에서는 성장과 생존율이 양호하였으나 20개체 이상에서는 다소 성장이 늦어 유생의 사육밀도는 1 ml 당 10개체 이하가 가장 효과적이었다. 개량조개 유생의 빠른 성장과 생존율을 높일 수 있는 유생사육 최적 조건은 수온 $23^{\circ}C$, 염분 30-35 psu, 유생 수용밀도 1-10 개체/ml이었다. 유생사육 시 먹이생물은 미세조류 4종 [Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri, Isochrysis sp. (green), Chlorella ellipsoidea] 을 혼합 공급한 실험구에서 빠른 성장과 생존율을 높일 수 있으며, 먹이생물을 단일종만을 공급시 I. galbana와 Isochrysis sp. (green) 실험구에서 빠른 성장과 생존율을 높일 수 있었다. 따라서 개량조개 유생의 적정먹이는 I. galbana와 Isochrysis sp. (green)를 포함한 2종 이상을 혼합 공급하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi, S.S. (1975) Comparative studies on the early embryonic development and growth of Meretrix lusoria and Cyclina sinensis. Bull. Korean Fish. Soc., 8: 185-195. [in Korean]
  2. Choi, S.S. and Song, Y.K. (1974) Studies on the artificial fertilization and development of Meretrix lusoria. Bull. Korean Fish. Soc., 7: 1-6. [in Korean]
  3. Chung, E.Y., Kim, Y.G. and Lee, T.Y (1987) A study on sexual maturation of hen clam Mactra chinensis Philippi. Bull. Kor. Fish. Soc., 20: 501-508. [in Korean]
  4. Chung, E.Y. (1997) Ultrastructural study of germ cell development and reproductive cycle of the hen clam, Mactra chinensis on the west coast of Korea. Dev. Reprod., 1: 141-156. [in Korean]
  5. Delaunary, F., Marty, Y., Moal, J. and Samain, J.F. (1992) Growth and lipid class composition of Pecten maximus (L) larvae grown under hatchery conditions. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 163: 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90050-K
  6. Dos Santos, A.E. and Nascimento, I.A. (1985) Influence of gamete density, salinity and temperature on the normal embryonic development of the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae Guiling. Aquaculture, 47: 335-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(85)90219-4
  7. Duncan, D.B. (1955) Multiple-range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  8. Enright, C.T., Newkirk and Castell, J.D. (1986) Comparison of phytoplankton as diets for juvenile Ostrea edulis L. J. Exp. Mar. Biol., 96: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90009-2
  9. Epifanio, C.E. (1979) Comparison of yeast and algal diets for bivalve molluscs. Aquaculture, 16: 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(79)90106-6
  10. Epifanio, C.E. and Ewart, J. (1977) Maximum ration of four algal diets for the oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. Aquaculture, 11: 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(77)90150-8
  11. Gallager, S.M. and Mann, R. (1986) Growth and survival of larvae of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) and Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) relative to broodstock conditioning and lipid content of eggs. Aquaculture, 56: 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(86)90021-9
  12. Hanaoka, T. and Shimadzu, T. (1949) Studies on the morphometry and rate of growth in clam, Mactra sulcataria Reeve, in Tokyo Bay. Bull. Japan Fish. Soc., 15: 313-317. [in Japanese]
  13. Helm, M.M. and Laing, I. (1987) Preliminary observations on the nutritional value of Tahiti Isochrysis to bivalve larvae. Aquaculture, 62: 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(87)90170-0
  14. Helm, M.M. and Millican P.F. (1977) Experiments in the hatchery rearing of Pacific oyster larvae (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Aquaculture, 11: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(77)90149-1
  15. His, E. and Seaman, M.N.L. (1992) Effects of temporary starvation in the survival and on subsequent feeding and growth of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. Mar. Biol., 114: 277-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349530
  16. Hur, Y.B., Min, K.S., Kim, T.I., Lee, S.J. and Hur, S.B. (2008) Larve growth and biochemical composition change of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, larvae during artificial seed production. J. Aquacult., 21: 203-212. [in Korean]
  17. Kim, B.H., Moon, Y.B., Ryu, H.Y. and Han, S.J. (1995) The artificial seedling production of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Bull. Nat. Fish. Res. Dev. Inst., 50: 103-114. [in Korean]
  18. Kim, B.H., Moon, Y.B., Park, K.Y., Jo, P.G. and Kim, M.C. (2010) Study on spawning induction and larvae breeding of the hard clam, Meretrix petechiails (Lamarck). Korean J. Malacol., 26: 151-156. [in Korean]
  19. Kim, J.D. and Koo, J.H. (1973) Studies on the seedling production of the ark shell Anadara broughtonii (Schrenck) in tank (1). Bull. Nat. Fish. Res. Dev. Agency, 11: 71-78. [in Korean]
  20. Kim, J.D., Cheong, S.C. and Kang, H.W. (1980) Studies on the artificial mass seed production of the ark shell Anadara broughtonii (Schrenck) - II. On the intermediate culture of the artificial seed. Bull. Nat. Fish. Res. Dev. Agency, 25: 45-53. [in Korean]
  21. Kim, T.Y. (2006) Studies on the artificial seedling production of the hard clam Meretrix lusoria (Roding). Ph.D. thesis, Pukyong National University, 114pp. [in Korean]
  22. Laing, I. and Verdugo, C.G. (1991) Nutritional value of spray-dried Tetraselmis suecica for juvenile bivalves. Aquaculture, 92: 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(91)90022-Y
  23. Lee, B.H. and Jo, M.K. (1980) Study on spat collection method of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis Jay in Yeongil Bay. Bull. Nat. Fish. Res. Dev. Agency, 24: 59-66. [in Korean]
  24. Loosanoff, V.L. (1950) Rate of water pumping and shell movements of oyster in relation to temperature (Abstract). Anat. Rec., 108: 620pp.
  25. Marty, Y., Delaunary, F., Moal, J. and Samain, J.F. (1992) Changes in the fatty acid composition of Pecten maximus (L) during larval development. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 163: 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90051-B
  26. Min, K.S., Chang, Y.J., Park, D.W., Jung, C.G., Kim, D.H. and Kim, G.H. (1995) Studies on rearing conditions for mass seedling production in Pacific oyster larvae, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). Bull. Nat. Fish. Res. Dev. Agency, 49: 91-111. [in Korean]
  27. Nell, J.A. and Wisely, B. (1984) Experimental feeding of Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea commercilis) III. Food concentration and fattening procedures. Aquaculture, 37: 197-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(84)90152-2
  28. Park, K.Y., Kim, S.K., Seo, H.C. Ma, C.W. (2005) Spawning and larval development of Jicon scallop, Chlamys farreri. J. Aquacult., 18: 1-6. [in Korean]
  29. Park, H.W. and Zhang, C.I. (2008) A population ecological study of the hen clam (Mactra chinensis) in the Dong-li self-regulatory community of Busan. J. Kor. Soc. Fish. Tech., 44: 129-140. [in Korean] https://doi.org/10.3796/KSFT.2008.44.2.129
  30. Pyen, C.K., Rho, Y.G. and Yoo, Y.K. (1976) Studies on spat collection and rearing of the larvae, Anadara broughtonii (Schrenck) in tank. Bull. Nat. Fish. Res. Dev. Agency, 15: 7-18. [in Korean]
  31. Sakurai, I. (1993) Age and growth of the sunary surf clam Mactra chinensis in Tomakomai, southeast Hokkaido. Bull. J. Soc. Sci. Fish., 59: 469-472. https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.59.469
  32. Sakurai, I., Horii, T., Murakami, O. and Nakao, S. (1998) Population dynamics and stock size prediction for the sunray surf clam, Mactra chinensis at southeast Hokkaido, Japan. Fish. Bull. NOAA, 6: 344-351.
  33. Walne, P.R. (1974) Shellfish culture. In: Sea fisheries research (ed. by Jones, F.R.H.). pp. 379-398. Elek, London.
  34. Wilson, J.H. (1978) The food value of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin to the larvae of Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. Aquaculture, 13: 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(78)90178-3
  35. Wisely, B. and Reid, B.L. (1978) Experimental feeding of Sydney rock oyster (Crassostrea commercialis = Saccostrea cucullata) I. Optimum particle sizes and concentrations. Aquaculture, 15: 319-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(78)90078-9
  36. Yoo, S.K. (1969) Food and growth of the larvae of certain important bivalves. Bull. Pusan Fish. Coll., 9: 65-87. [in Korean]
  37. Yoo, S.K. and Park, H.G. (1997) Culture condition and larval growth of the oyster, Crassostrea nippona. J. Aquacult., 10: 97-103. [in Korean]