원예과학기술지 (Horticultural Science & Technology)

  • 제28권5호
  • /
  • Pages.728-734
  • /
  • 2010
  • /
  • 1226-8763(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2465-8588(eISSN)
한국원예학회 (Korean Society of Horticultural Science)
권호 표지

질소 추비 시기와 방법이 '부유' 단감나무의 건물중과 질소함량 및 수체 부위별 분포에 미치는 영향

Dry Weight and Nitrogen Contents in Different Parts of 'Fuyu' Persimmon as Affected by Application Timing and Methods of Supplemental Nitrogen

  • 박두상 (경남농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 최성태 (경남농업기술원 단감연구소) ;
  • 강성모 (경상대학교 원예학과)
  • Park, Doo-Sang (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Choi, Seong-Tae (Sweet Persimmon Research Institute, Gyeongsangam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Kang, Seong-Mo (Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 투고 : 2010.04.26
  • 심사 : 2010.06.14
  • 발행 : 2010.10.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구에서는 노지에 식재된 '부유' 단감나무에 있어서 6월이나 9월의 엽면시비가 관행적인 토양시비에 비해 영양 생장과 건물 축적, 질소함량 및 이들의 분포, 그리고 수령이 많아짐에 따라 증가하는 건물과 질소함량 가운데 수확 과실과 낙엽을 통해 나무로부터 영구적으로 소실되는 양적 비율을 추정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 4-6년생 '부유' 단감나무로 6월과 9월에 1회 또는 2회 엽면시비구와 관행적인 6+9월 토양시비를 대조구로 두는 4처리를 3년간 같은 나무에 적용한 다음 매년 11월에 나무를 굴취하여 분석하였다. 주당 건물중은 4년생에서는 4.2-4.8kg, 5년생에서는 8.7-9.2kg, 6년생에서는 17.1-21.5kg이었지만 추비 시기 및 방법에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 건물중의 기관별 분포를 보면 신초는 3.3-10.2%, 잎은 5.7-10.5%, 2년생 이상 목질부는 8.3-31.4%, 뿌리는 13.0-27.0%, 과실은 28.0-59.3%였다. 뿌리와 과실의 건물중은 서로 반대되는 변화를 보였는데, 특히 과실 건물중이 주당 건물중의 50-60%에 달한 6년생 나무의 뿌리는 10.6-15.8%에 지나지 않았다. 주당 질소함량은 처리에 따른 차이 없이 4년생은 24.6-28.3g, 5년생은 48.3-53.5g, 6년생은 98.3-122.6g의 범위에 있었는데, 이중 신초에는 6.2-11.5%, 잎에는 16.7-24.3%, 2년생 이상 목질부에는 17.6-23.5%, 과실에는 16.9-34.4%, 뿌리에는 17.2-37.5%가 분포하고 있었고, 과실의 비율이 높아지면 뿌리의 비율이 낮아지는 것은 건물중에서의 변화와 비슷하였다. 잎과 과실을 통해 나무로부터 소실되는 건물중 비율은 추비 방법에 따른 차이 없이 4년생과 5년생에서는 41% 내외였으나 주당 수량이 많았던 6년생에서는 61%로 높았다. 4년생 나무는 전체 질소의 39%, 5년생에서는 43%, 6년생에서는 49%가 나무로부터 소실되는 것으로 나타났다. 부위별 건물중과 질소함량 모두 처리에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없음은 '부유' 단감나무 유목에 있어서 시비량이 월등히 적은 엽면시비의 이용가치를 입증하는 결과로 볼 수 있다.

We studied the accumulation and partitioning of dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) in different parts of field-grown 'Fuyu' persimmon to elucidate that the foliar applications of supplemental N in June or September compared favorably with the traditional soil application in securing leaf area and fruit production. We also estimated the proportion of N permanently removed from the tree at the end of a growing season. Urea was applied either to leaves in June and/or September or to the soil in June and September for three consecutive years, and the trees were excavated in November for analyses. Total DW ranged from 4.2-4.8, 8.7-9.2, and 17.1-21.5 kg in a 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old tree, respectively, without statistical difference among the four treatments. Of the total DW, 3.3-10.2% was in shoots, 5.7-10.5% in leaves, 8.3-31.4% in aerial woods, 13.0-27.0% in root, and 28.0-59.3% in fruits. As the trees became more productive, DW proportion of fruits significantly affected that of the root: in 6-year-old trees, root DW accounted for only 10.6-15.8% of the tree total when fruit DW accounted for 50-60%. N contents ranged from 24.6-28.3, 48.3-53.5, and 98.3-122.6 g in a 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old trees, respectively, without statistical difference among the treatments. Of the total N, 6.2-11.5% was in shoots, 16.7-24.3% in leaves, 17.6-23.5% in aerial woods, 17.2-37.5% in roots, and 16.9-34.4% in fruits. As in DW, the increase in the proportion of N in fruits decreased in the root most significantly. Application methods for supplemental N did not affect the proportion of DW and N removed from the tree through abscising leaves and harvested fruits. Percentage of DW removal was 41 in 4- and 5-year-old trees, but it was 61 in more productive 6-year-old trees; that of N was 39, 43, and 49%, respectively. No significant changes in the contents of DW and N in field-grown trees, as well as their percentages removed from the tree at the end of the season, demonstrated that foliar application of supplemental N was as good as soil applications with much less N.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Acuna-Maldonado, L.E., M. Smith, N.O. Maness, B.S. Cheary, and B.L. Carroll. 2003. Influence of nitrogen application time on nitrogen absorption, partitioning, and yield of pecan. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 128:155-162.
  2. Boynton, D. 1954. Nutrition by foliar application. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 5:31-54. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.05.060154.000335
  3. Claypool, L.L. 1975. Plant nutrition and deciduous fruit crop quality. HortScience 10:45-47.
  4. Dong, S., L. Cheng, C.F. Scagel, and L.H. Fuchigami. 2002. Nitrogen absorption, translocation and distribution from urea applied in autumn to leaves of young potted apple (Malus domestica) trees. Tree Physiol. 22:1302-1310.
  5. Faust, M. 1989. Physiology of temperate zone fruit trees. John Wiley & Sons, NY, USA.
  6. Fukui, H., Y. Suzuki, E. Ogawa, K. Hirata, Y. Matsubara, and M. Nakamura. 1999. Nitrogen uptake by three- to four-year-old potted tree of Japanese persimmon 'Nishimurawase'. J. Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sci. 68:578-584. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.68.578
  7. Gooding, M.J. and W.P. Davies. 1992. Foliar urea fertilization of cereals: A review. Fert. Res. 32:209-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01048783
  8. Greenham, D.W.P. 1980. Nutrient cycling: The estimation of orchard nutrient uptake. p. 345-352. In: D. Atkinson, J.E. Jackson, R.O. Sharples, and W.M. Waller (eds.). Mineral nutrition of fruit trees. Butterworths, London, UK.
  9. Han, Z., X. Zeng, and F. Wang. 1989. Effect of autumn foliar applications of 15N-urea on nitrogen storage and reuse in apple. J. Plant Nutr. 12:675-685. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904168909363983
  10. Hansen, P. 1967. 14C-Studies on apple trees. III. The influence of season on storage and mobilization of labelled compounds. Physiol. Plant. 20:1103-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1967.tb08398.x
  11. Johnson, R.S., R. Rosecrance, S. Weinbaum, H. Andris, and J. Wang. 2001. Can we approach complete dependence on foliar-applied urea nitrogen in an early-maturing peach? J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126:364-370.
  12. Kandiah, S. 1979. Turnover of carbohydrates in relation to growth in apple trees. II. Distribution of 14C assimilates labelled in autumn, spring and winter. Ann. Bot. 44:185-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085718
  13. Kim. Y.K. 2001. Effect of irrigation levels and nitrogen supply on vegetative and fruit growth of 'Fuyu' persimmon. MS Thesis, Gyeongsang Natl. Univ., Jinju, Korea.
  14. Kim. Y.K. 2008. Effect of autumn and spring applications of nitrogen on its uptake, partitioning and reutilization in 'Fuyu' persimmon. PhD Diss., Gyeongsang Natl. Univ., Jinju, Korea.
  15. Lea-Cox, J.D. and J.P. Syvertsen. 1995. Nitrogen uptake by citrus leaves. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120:505-509.
  16. Lockwood, D.W. and D. Sparks. 1978. Translocation of 14C in 'Stuart' pecan in spring following assimilation of 14CO2 during the previous growing season. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103: 38-45.
  17. Maust, B.E. and J.G. Williamson. 1994. Nitrogen nutrition of containerized citrus nursery plants. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:195-201.
  18. Munoz, N., J. Guerri, F. Legaz, and E. Primo-Millo. 1992. Seasonal uptake of 15N-nitrate and distribution of absorbed nitrogen in peach trees. Plant Soil 150:263-269.
  19. Oliveira, C.M. and C.A. Priestley. 1988. Carbohydrate reserves in deciduous fruit trees. Hort. Rev. 10:403-430.
  20. Park, D.S., S.T. Choi, and S.M. Kang. 2009. Effect of soil and foliar applications of supplemental nitrogen on tree growth and yield of 'Fuyu' persimmon. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 27:365-370.
  21. Pieterzyk, D.J. and C.W. Frank. 1979. Analytical Chemistry. Academic Press, NY, USA. p. 190, 315, 645.
  22. Raese, J.T. and S.R. Drake. 1997. Nitrogen fertilization and elemental composition affects fruit quality of 'Fuji' apples. J. Plant Nutr. 20:1797-1809. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169709365375
  23. Richardson, W.F. and R.D. Meyer. 1990. Spring and summer nitrogen applications to walnuts. California Agr. 44:30-32.
  24. Rosecrance, R.C., R.S. Johnson, and S.A. Weinbaum. 1998a. Foliar uptake of urea-N by nectarine leaves: A reassessment. HortScience 33:856-861.
  25. Rosecrance, R.C., R.S. Johnson, and S.A. Weinbaum. 1998b. The effect of timing of post-harvest foliar urea sprays on nitrogen absorption and partitioning in peach and nectarine trees. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 73:856-861. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1998.11511060
  26. Rural Development Administration (RDA). 1990. Persimmon growing. Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.
  27. Shim, K.K., J.S. Titus, and W.E. Splittstosser. 1972. The utilization of post-harvest urea sprays by senescing apple leaves. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 97:592-596.
  28. Swietlik, D. and M. Faust. 1984. Foliar nutrition of fruit crops. Hort. Rev. 6:287-355.
  29. Tagliavini, M., P. Millard, and M. Quartieri. 1998. Storage of foliar absorbed nitrogen and remobilization for spring growth in young nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina) trees. Tree Physiol. 18:203-207. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/18.3.203
  30. Weinbaum, S.A. and C. van Kessel. 1998. Quantitative estimates of uptake and internal cycling of 15N-labeled fertilizer in mature walnut trees. Tree Physiol. 18:795-801. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/18.12.795
  31. Weinbaum, S.A., I. Klein, and T.T. Muraoka. 1987. Use of nitrogen isotopes and a light-textured soil to assess annual contributions of nitrogen from soil and storage pools in mature almond trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112:526-529.
  32. Weinbaum, S.A., M.L Mervin, and T.T. Muraoka. 1978. Seasonal variation in nitrate uptake efficiency and distribution of absorbed nitrogen in non-bearing prune trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103:516-519.
  33. Weinbaum, S.A., R.S. Johnson, and T.M. DeJong. 1992. Causes and consequences of overfertilzation in orchards. HortTechnology 2:112-121.