A Comparative Study for Obtaining Maximum Essential Oil from Six Herbs on the Basis of Harvesting Time, Cultivation Regions & Type, and Drying Methods

주요 허브의 고품질 정유생산을 위한 수확시기, 재배지역, 재배형태 및 건조방법

  • Choi, In-Young (Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Song, Young-Ju (Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Choi, Dong-Chil (Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Lee, Wang-Hyu (Department of Agricultural Biology, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2009.04.14
  • Accepted : 2010.02.17
  • Published : 2010.06.30

Abstract

This experiment was carried out to obtain the maximum quantity of essential oil on the basis of harvesting time, cultivation regions & types, and drying methods. We have selected 6 native and introduced herbs viz. $Thymus$ $quinquecostatus$, $Agastache$ $rugosa$, $Chrysanthemum$ $indicum$, $Rosmarinus$ $officinalis$, $Chamaemelum$ $nobile$, and $Lavandula$ $stoechas$. The quantity of essential oil ranged from 0.06% to 3.46% in all six herbs. Native herbs produce 30.5% higher quantity of oil in comparison to introduced herbs. The quantity of essential oil obtained from $Lavandula$ $stoechas$ was 3.46%, followed by $Rosmarinus$ $officinalis$ 2.89%, while minimum in $Agastache$ $rugosa$ 0.60%. Higher quantity of essential oil obtained if they are cultivated under rain shelter culture (PE film) in comparison to open field conditions. Recovery of essential oil is always high if herbs flower in July. Semi-alpine region was found better than the plain region for herbs production. Quantity of oil is high if oil is extracted from fresh herbs followed by freezed herbs, shade dry and hot wind dry herbs. As far as plant part is concern flower produced maximum oil than any other part.

자생허브 및 도입허브를 6종 선발하여 정유함량 분포비를 측정하였다. 또한 재배농가와 산업체에 고품질 정유생산을 위한 허브의 품질 및 등급판정 기준설정을 제시하고자 허브의 재배방법 및 수확, 건조방법에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 대상허브는 꿀풀과 4종, 국화과 2종으로 생활형은 다년초로서 삽목이나 실생이 가능하며, 약용, 관상용, 향료 및 차 등으로 이용하였다. 허브종류별 정유함량으로 백리향 2.62%, 감국 2.0%, 라벤더 3.46%, 로즈마리 2.89% 등에서 높았다. 생육시기별 정유함량은 개화 전보다는 개화기인 7월경에 가장 높았으며, 재배유형별로는 노지재배보다 비가림재배에서 정유함량이 높았다. 또한 재배지역별로는 평야부보다 준고냉지에서의 정유함량이 높았다. 추출방법별로는 SDE(증류추출법)보다는 SFE(초임계추출법)의 정유함량이 2배 이상 높았으며, 추출부위별로는 꽃, 잎, 줄기 순으로 정유함량이 높았다. 수확 후 건조방법별 정유함량은 생체, 동결, 음건, 열풍건조 순으로 정유추출 함량이 높은 결과를 얻어 재배농가 및 가공업체에 허브 재배, 수확 및 건조방법에 대한 기준을 제시하였다.

Keywords

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