Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture (한국식생활문화학회지)

Korean Society of Food Culture (한국식생활문화학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Lifestyle Behaviors and Parental Perception of Children's Weight in Relation to Overweight Risk of Preschool Children

학령 전 아동의 라이프스타일과 부모의 체중인지도가 아동의 과체중위험에 미치는 영향

  • Kang, Kyung-Min (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dong-Eui University) ;
  • Yoon, Gun-Ae (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dong-Eui University)
  • 강경민 (동의대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 윤군애 (동의대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2009.11.06
  • Accepted : 2010.04.14
  • Published : 2010.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We conducted this study to determine the factors associated with childhood obesity. The subjects were 170 preschool children in Busan. Data were collected by using questionnaires which asked for information about socioeconomic status, parental perception of their child's weight status and dietary/physical activity behavior. BMI was calculated for each child and their classification was determined, according to their age and sex, as follows: "overweight" at or above the 85th percentile, "normal" for the 15th-85th percentile, and with a BMI below the 15th percentile the children were deemed as underweight. Classification according to BMI percentile showed that 23.5% ($18.25{\pm}1.33\;kg/m^2$) of the children were overweight, 62.9% ($15.51{\pm}0.76\;kg/m^2$) normal, and 13.5% ($13.23{\pm}2.86\;kg/m^2$) were underweight. Socioeconomic status, as represented by the parents' level of education, the occupation of the father and the household income, did not affect the results. However, mothers working outside the household was a factor that was more likely to affect the weight status (p<0.05). Among mothers whose children were overweight, 30% underestimated their children's weight status (believing them to be of normal weight when they were overweight), and 25% failed to recognize the necessity of weight control for their overweight children. While sedentary activity and total daily activity levels were not related to BMI, the level of physically active leisure activity was inversely correlated with BMI (p<0.05). Although there were no differences in total energy intake, dietary behavior was significantly related to weight status. Overweight children had poor eating tendancies: they eat faster (in less than 15 minutes), overeat, and eat late at night. Based on our findings where hereby recommended the following interventions to help limit weight problems in Korean pre-schoolers: early promotion of active leisure behavior and healthy eating habits, along with attempting to correct parental misperception of healthy weight status for children.

Keywords

References

  1. Campbell M, Williams J, Hampton A, Wake M. 2006. Maternal concern and perceptions of overweight in Australian preschool-aged children. Med J Aust, 184:6
  2. Dennison BA, Erb TA, Jenkins PL. 2002. Television viewing and television in bed room associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool chilren. Pediatrics, 109:1028-1035 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.109.6.1028
  3. Ebstein LH, Gordy CC, Raynor HA, Beddome M, Kilanwski CK, Paluch R. 2001. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake and decreasing fat and sugar intake in families ar risk for childhood obesity. Obesity Research, 9:171-178 https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.18
  4. Ferguson JM. 1988. The act: Eating in habits not diets. Bull publishing com, California. pp 140-141
  5. Fuentes-Afflick, Hessol NA. 2008. Overweight in young Latino children. Arch Med Res, 39(6):511-518 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2008.02.008
  6. Gutin B. 2008. Child obesity can be reduced with vigorous activity rather than restriction of energy intake. Obesity, 16(10): 2193-2196
  7. Headley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Caroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. 2004. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents and adults, 2999-2002. JAMA, 291: 2847-50 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.23.2847
  8. Hudson CE, Cherry DJ, Ratcliff SJ, McClellan LC. 2009. Head Start Children's lifestyle behaviors, parental perceptions of weight, and body mass index. J Ped Nursing, 24(4):292-301 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2008.04.006
  9. Hui LL, Nelson EAS, Yu LM, Li AM, Fok TF. 2003. Risk factors for childhood overweight in 6- to 7-y-old Hong Kong children. International J. Obesity, 27:1411-1418 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802423
  10. Jain A, Sherman SN, Chamberlin LA, Carter Y, Powers SW, Whittacker RC. 2001. Why don't low-income mothers worry about their preschoolers being overweight? Pediatrics, 107:1138-1146 https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.5.1138
  11. Kim BS, Lee KA. 2005. Comparisons of the daily activities and energy expenditures of normally-weighted and obese elementary school children. Korean J. Nutrition Scoiety, 38(10):847-855
  12. Kim MK, Kim HJ, Kim YO, Lee JH, Lee WC. 2001. Overweight among preschool children in Seoul; Prevalence and associated factors. Korean J. Community Nutrition, 6(2):121-129
  13. Kim NJ. 2005. Dietary behavior of obese children in elementary school. Masters degree thesis. Ewha Womans University. pp 25-26
  14. Kuchler F, Variyam JN. 2003. Mistakes were made: misconception as a barrier to reducing overweight. International J. Obesity, 27:856-861 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802293
  15. Lee JS. 2006. A comparative study on the dietary attitudes and nutritional status of preschool childre in different income levels in Busan. Kor J Commu Nutr, 11(2):161-171
  16. Lee TY, Lee JH, Kwon KH, Shin ES, Kim SY, Nam HS. 2006. Prevalence and correlates of obesity in elementary school students of Daejeon city. Journal of Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion, 23(3):37-51
  17. Martinez JA. 2000. Obesity in young Europeans: genetic and environmental influences. European J. Clinical Nutrtion, 54(S1):S56-S60 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600986
  18. Martinez-GonZaez MA, Martinez JA, Hu FB, Gibney MJ, Kearney J. 1999. Physical inactivity, sedentarism lifestyle and obesity in the European Union. International J. Obesity, 23(1):1-10 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800799
  19. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2005. Health Plan 2010
  20. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2005. The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES); Health Examination
  21. Moore LL, Gao D, Bradlee ML, Cupples AL, Sundrajan-Ramamurti A, Proctor MH, Hood MY, Singer MR, Ellison RC. 2003. Does early physical activity predict body fat change throughout childhood? Preventive Medicine, 37(1):10-17 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00048-3
  22. Nelson JA, Carpenter K Chiason MA. 2006. Diet, activity and overweight among preschool-age children enrolled in the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and children (WIC). Preventing Chronic Disease, 3:1-12 https://doi.org/10.1191/1479972306cd086ed
  23. Ogden CL, Caroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell M, Tabak C, Flegal KM. 2006. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1994-2004. JAMA, 295:1549-1555 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.13.1549
  24. Park YS, Lee DH, Choi JM, Kang YJ, Kim CH. 2004. Trend of obesity in school age children in Seoul over the past 23 years. Korean J. pediatrics, 47(3):247-257
  25. Reinehr R, Andler W, Denzer C, Siegried W, Mayer H, Wavitsch M. 2005. Cardiovascular risk factors in overweight German children and adolescents: Relation to gender, age and degree of overweight. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 15(3):181-187 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2004.06.003
  26. Rubin C, Capilla E, Luu Y. 2007. Adipogenesis is inhibited by brief, daily exposure to high-frequency, extremely low-magnitude mechanical signals. Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA, 104(45):17879-17884 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708467104
  27. Sallis JF, Buono MJ, ROBY JJ, Carlson D, Nelson JA. 1990. The caltrac accelerometer as a physical activity monitor for school-age children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22(5):698-703 https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199010000-00023
  28. Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. 1993. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Preventive Medicine, 22(2):167-177 https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1993.1014
  29. Smoak CG, Burke GL, Webber LS, Harshm DW, Srinvasan SR, Bernson GS. 1987. Relation of obesity to clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and young adults. American J. Epidemiology, 125(3):364-372 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114543
  30. Stunkard AJ, Wadden TA. 1992. Psychological aspects of severe obesity. American J. Clinical Nutrition, 55(2):524-532
  31. Suh YS, Kim DH, Shin DH. 2000. Relation between body weight and physical activity in preschool children. J. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, 9(2):146-152
  32. Swinburn BA, Caterson J, Seidell JC, James WP. 2004. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity. Public Health Nutrition, 7:123-146
  33. Vaska VL, Volkmer R. 2004. Increasing prevalence of obesity in South Australian 4-year-olds: 1995-2002. J Pediatric Child Health, 40:353-355 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1034-4810.2004.00401.x
  34. Weber J. 2003. Energy balance in obesity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 62:539-543 https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2003256
  35. WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2006. Nutrition, physical activity and prevention of obesity: The challenge of obesity in the WHO European region and the strategies for response
  36. Yang HK. 2005. A study on preschool children obesity according to mothers' occupational status. Masters degree thesis. Dongduk Women's University. p 12
  37. Yu KH. 2007. A study on the nutrient intakes and zinc nutritional status of preschool children in Ulsan. Kor J Nutr, 40(4):385-394