참고문헌
- Anderson JM. 1973. Carbon dioxide evolution from two temperate deciduous woodland soils. J Appl Ecol 10: 361-378. https://doi.org/10.2307/2402287
- Boone RD, Nadelhoffer KJ, Canary JD, Kaye JP. 1998. Roots exert a strong influence on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Nature 396: 570-572. https://doi.org/10.1038/25119
- Bunnell FL, Tait DEN, Flanagan PW, Van Cleve K. 1977. Microbial respiration and substrate weight loss: I. A general model of the influences of abiotic variables. Soil Biol Biochem 9: 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(77)90058-X
- Carlyle JC, Than UB. 1988. Abiotic controls of soil respiration beneath an eighteen-year-old Pinus radiata stand in south-eastern Australia. J Ecol 76: 654-662. https://doi.org/10.2307/2260565
- Davidson EA, Belk E, Boone RD. 1998. Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest. Global Change Biol 4: 217-227. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00128.x
- Davidson EA, Verchot LV, Cattânio JH, Ackerman IL, Carvalho JEM. 2000. Effects of soil water content on soil respiration in forests and cattle pastures of eastern Amazonia. Biogeochemistry 48: 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006204113917
-
Epron D, Farque L, Lucot E, Badot PM. 1999. Soil
$CO_2$ efflux in a beech forest: dependence on soil temperature and soil water content. Ann For Sci 56: 221-226. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19990304 - Food and Agriculture Organization. 1999. FAO STAT Statistical Database 1997. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
-
Hanson PJ, Wullschleger SD, Bohlman SA, Todd DE. 1993. Seasonal and topographic patterns of forest floor
$CO_2$ efflux from an upland oak forest. Tree Physiol 13: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/13.1.1 - Holt JA, Hodgen MJ, Lamb D. 1990. Soil respiration in the seasonally dry tropics near Townsville, North Queensland. Aust J Soil Res 28: 737-745. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9900737
-
Howard DM, Howard PJA. 1993. Relationships between
$CO_2$ evolution, moisture content and temperature for a range of soil types. Soil Biol Biochem 25: 1537-1546. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90008-Y - Janssens IA, Sampson DA, Cermak J, Meiresonne L, Riguzzi F, Overloop S, Ceulemans R. 1999. Above- and below-ground phytomass and carbon storage in a Belgian Scots pine stand. Ann For Sci 56: 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19990201
-
Janssens IA, Dore S, Epron D, Lankreijer H, Buchmann N, Longdoz B, Brossaud J, Montagnani L. 2003. Climatic influences on seasonal and spatial differences in soil
$CO_2$ efflux. In: Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests (Valentini R, ed). Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 235-256. - Kang SY, Doh S, Lee D, Lee D, Jin VL, Kimball JS. 2003. Topographic and climatic controls on soil respiration in six temperate mixed-hardwood forest slopes, Korea. Global Change Biol 9: 1427-1437. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00668.x
- Keith H, Jacobsen KL, Raison RJ. 1997. Effects of soil phosphorus availability, temperature and moisture on soil respiration in Eucalyptus pauciflora forest. Plant Soil 190: 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004279300622
- Killham K. 1994. Soil Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Kucera CL, Kirkham DR. 1971. Soil respiration studies in tallgrass prairie in Missouri. Ecology 52: 912-915. https://doi.org/10.2307/1936043
-
Lee MS, Lee JS, Koizumi H. 2008. Temporal variation in
$CO_2$ efflux from soil and snow surfaces in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) plantation, central Japan. Ecol Res 23: 777-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-007-0439-z - Lee MS, Mo WH, Koizumi H. 2006. Soil respiration of forest ecosystems in Japan and global implications. Ecol Res 21: 828-839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-006-0038-4
- Lee MS, Nakane K, Nakatsubo T, Koizumi H. 2003. Seasonal changes in the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration in a cool-temperate deciduous forest. Plant Soil 255: 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026192607512
- Lee MS, Nakane K, Nakatsubo T, Koizumi H. 2005. The importance of root respiration in annual soil carbon fluxes in a cool-temperate deciduous forest. Agric For Meteorol 134: 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.08.011
-
Lee MS, Nakane K, Nakatsubo T, Mo WH, Koizumi H. 2002. Effects of rainfall events on soil
$CO_2$ flux in a cool temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest. Ecol Res 17: 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.2002.00498.x - Lloyd J, Taylor JA. 1994. On the temperature dependence of soil respiration. Funct Ecol 8: 315-323. https://doi.org/10.2307/2389824
- Matteucci G, Dore S, Stivanello S, Rebmann C, Buchmann N. 2000. Soil respiration in beech and spruce forests in Europe: trends, controlling factors, annual budgets and implications for the ecosystem carbon balance. In: Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems: Ecological Studies, Vol. 142. (Schulze ED, ed). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 217-236.
-
Mishima SI. 2002. Microbial biomass, microbial respiration activity and
$CO_2$ flux derived by microorganisms in cool temperate secondary forest floor in Japan. In: Proceedings of the VIII INTECOL International Congress of Ecology, Seoul, pp 183-184. - Mo W, Lee MS, Uchida M, Inatomi M, Saigusa N, Mariko S, Koizumi H. 2005. Seasonal and annual variations in soil respiration in a cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan. Agric For Meteorol 134:81-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.08.015
- Murayama S, Saigusa N, Chan D, Yamamoto S, Kondo H, Eguchi Y. 2003. Temporal variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration in a temperate deciduous forest in central Japan. Tellus B 55: 232-243. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00061.x
-
Pinol J, Alcaniz JM, Roda F. 1995. Carbon dioxide efflux and p
$CO_2$ in soils of three Quercus ilex montane forests. Biogeochemistry 30: 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02186413 - Raich JW, Potter CS. 1995. Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Global Biogeochem Cycles 9: 23-36. https://doi.org/10.1029/94GB02723
- Rout SK, Gupta SR. 1989. Soil respiration in relation to abiotic factors, forest floor litter, root biomass and litter quality in forest ecosystems of Siwaliks in northern India. Acta Oecol Oecol Plant 10: 229-244.
- Savage KE, Davidson EA. 2001. Interannual variation of soil respiration in two New England forests. Global Biogeochem Cycles 15: 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001248
-
Schlentner RE, van Cleve K. 1985. Relationship between
$CO_2$ evolution from soil, substrate temperature, and substrate moisture in four mature forest types in interior Alaska. Can J For Res 15: 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1139/x85-018 - Suh SU, Chun YM, Chae NY, Kim J, Lim JH, Yokozawa M, Lee MS, Lee JS. 2006. A chamber system with automatic opening and closing for continuously measuring soil respiration based on an open-flow dynamic method. Ecol Res 21: 405-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-005-0137-7
- Witkamp M. 1966. Decomposition of leaf litter in relation to environment, microflora and microbial respiration. Ecology 47: 194-201. https://doi.org/10.2307/1933765
-
Xu M, Qi Y. 2001. Soil surface
$CO_2$ efflux and its spatial and temporal variations in a young ponderosa pine plantation in northern California. Global Change Biol 7: 667-677. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00435.x -
Yamamoto S, Murayama S, Saigusa N, Kondo H. 1999. Seasonal and inter-annual variation of
$CO_2$ flux between a temperate forest and the atmosphere in Japan. Tellus B 51: 402-413. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.00020.x