Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Peat stabilization using cement, polypropylene and steel fibres

  • Kalantari, Behzad (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hormozgan) ;
  • Prasad, Arun (Department of Civil Engineering, Banaras Hindu University) ;
  • Huat, Bujang B.K. (Department of Civil Engineering, University Putra Malaysia)
  • Received : 2010.07.22
  • Accepted : 2010.09.26
  • Published : 2010.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This article describes a laboratory research on stabilizing tropical peat using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a binding agent, and polypropylene and steel fibres as chemically inert additives. California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were carried out to evaluate the increase in the strength of the stabilized samples compacted at their optimum moisture contents and air cured for up to 90 days. The results show that the UCS values of stabilized peat samples increased by as high as 748.8% by using OPC (5%), polypropylene fibres (0.15%), and steel fibres (2%). The CBR values of the samples stabilized with OPC (5%), polypropylene fibres (0.15%), and steel fibres (4%) showed an increase of as high as 122.7%. The stabilized samples showed a shrinkage in volume upon air curing and this shrinkage was measured by an index called, volume shrinkage index (VSI). The highest VSI recorded was 36.19% for peat without any additives; and the minimum was 0% for the sample containing 30% OPC, 0.15% polypropylene fibres and 2% steel fibres. The technique of stabilizing peat with OPC, polypropylene and fibres, coupled with air curing, appears to be cost-effective compared with other frequently used techniques.

Keywords

References

  1. Axelsson, K., Johansson, Sven-Erick and Anderson, R. (2002), Stabilization of organic soils by cement and pozzolanic reaction-feasability study, Swedish Deep Stabilization Research Centre, Report 3, 1-51.
  2. Alwi, A. (2007), Ground improvement on Malaysian peat soils using stabilized peat-column techniques, PhD Thesis, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
  3. Aiban, S.A. (1994), "A study of sand stabilization in Eastern Saudi Arabia", Eng. Geol., 38, 65-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(94)90025-6
  4. Al Wahab, R.M. and El-Kedrah, M.M. (1995), "Using fibres to reduce tension cracks and shrink/swell in compacted clays", Proceedings of a Conference on Geoenvironment 2000, Geotechnical Special Publication No. 46, ASCE, New York, 1995, 791-805.
  5. ASTM International Standards (2004), Standard test method for consolidated undrained triaxial compression test for cohesive soil, ASTM D 4767-04.
  6. Basha, E.A., Hashim, R., Mahmud, H.B. and Muntobar, A.S. (2005), "Stabilization of residual soil with rice husk ash and cement", Constr. Build. Mater., 19(6), 448-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.08.001
  7. Bowles, J.E. (1978), Engineering properties of soil and their measurements, McGraw-Hill, USA.
  8. British Standards Institution (2006), Geotechnical design, Part 2, 2006, BS EN 1997-2: 2006, Eurocode 7.
  9. Chauhan, M.S., Mittal, S. and Mohanty, B. (2008), "Performance evaluation of silty sand subgrade reinforced with fly ash and fibre", Geotext. Geomembranes, 26(5), 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.001
  10. Consoli, N.C., Montardo, J.P., Prietto, P.D.M. and Pasa, G.S. (2002), "Engineering behavior of a sand reinforced with plastic waste", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 128(6), 462-472. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:6(462)
  11. Consoli, N.C., Prietto, P.D.M. and Ulbrich, L.A. (1998), "Influence of fibre and cement addition on behavior of sandy soil", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(12), 1211-1214. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:12(1211)
  12. Consoli, N.C., Vendruscolo, M.A., Fonini, A. and Rosa, F.D. (2009), "Fibre reinforcement effects on sand considering a wide cementation range", Geotext. Geomembranes, 27, 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.11.005
  13. Consoli, N.C., Vendruscolo, M.A. and Prietto, P.D.M. (2003), "Behavior of plate load tests on soil layers improved with cement and fibre", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(1), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:1(96)
  14. Croney, D. and Croney, P. (1998), Design and performance of road pavement, MacGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
  15. Gray, D.H. and Al-Refeai, T. (1986), "Behavior of fabric versus fibre-reinforced sand", J. Geotech. Eng., 112(8), 804-820. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1986)112:8(804)
  16. Hebib, S. and Farrell, R.E. (2003), "Some experience on the stabilization of Irish peats", Can. Geotech. J., 40, 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-091
  17. Holtz, R.D. and Kovacs, W.D. (1981), An introduction to geotechnical engineering, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA.
  18. Huang, J.T. and Airey, D.W. (1998), "Properties of artificially cemented carbonate sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(6), 492-499. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:6(492)
  19. Hunter, R.N. (2000), Asphalt in road construction, Thomas Telford, London, UK.
  20. Ismail, M.A., Joer, H.A., Sim, W.H. and Randolph, M. (2002), "Effect of cement type on shear behavior of cemented calcareous soil", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 128(6), 520-529. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:6(520)
  21. Kalantari, B. and Huat, B.B.K. (2009), "Precast stabilized peat columns to reinforce peat soil deposits", Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., 14B.
  22. Kalantari, B. and Huat, B.B.K. (2008), "Stabilization of peat soil using ordinary Portland cement, polypropylene fibres, and air curing technique", Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., 13J.
  23. Kolias, S., Kasselouri-Rigopoulou, V. and Karahalios, A. (2005), "Stabilisation of clayey soils with high calcium fly ash and cement", Cement Concrete Compos., 27(2), 301-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.019
  24. Krishnaswamy, N.R. and Isaac, N.T. (1994), "Liquefaction potential of reinforced sand", Geotext. Geomembranes, 13(1), 23-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(94)90055-8
  25. Kumar, P. and Singh, S.P. (2008), "Fiber-reinforced fly ash subbases in rural roads", J. Transp. Eng., 134(4), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2008)134:4(171)
  26. Kumar, S. and Tabor, E. (2003), "Strength characteristics of silty clay reinforced with randomly oriented nylon fibres", Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., 8B.
  27. Ladd, R.S. (1978), "Preparing test specimen using under compaction", Geotech. Test. J., 1, 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10364J
  28. Leelavathamma, B., Mini, K.M. and Pandian, N.S. (2005), "California bearing ratio behavior of soil-stabilized class F fly ash", J. Test. Eval., 33(6), 406-410.
  29. Maher, M.H. and Ho, Y.C. (1993), "Behavior of fibre-reinforced cement sand under static and cyclic loads", Geotech. Test. J., 16(3), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10054J
  30. Munro, R. (2004), Dealing with bearing capacity problems on low volume roads constructed on peat, The Highland Council, Transport, Environmental & Community Service, Scotland, 1-136.
  31. Murthy, V.N.S. (2003), Geotechnical engineering, principles and practices of soil mechanics and foundation engineering, Marcel Dekker, New York, USA.
  32. Nataraj, M.S. and McManis, K.L. (1997), "Strength and deformation properties of soils reinforced with fibrillated fibres", Geosynth. Int., 4(1), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.4.0089
  33. Neville, A.M. (1999), Properties of concrete, Longman, Malaysia.
  34. O'Mahony, M.J., Ueberschaer, A., Owende, P.M.O. and Ward, S.M. (2000), "Bearing capacity of forest access roads built on peat soils", J. Terramechanics, 37(3), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4898(00)00003-3
  35. Park, T. and Tan, S.A. (2005), "Enhanced performance of reinforced soil walls by the inclusion of short fibre", Geotext. Geomembranes, 23, 348-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.12.002
  36. Prabakar, J. and Sridhar, R.S. (2002), "Effect of random inclusion of sisal fibre on strength behaviour of soil", Constr. Build. Mater., 16(2), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(02)00008-9
  37. Ramesh, H.N., Manoj Krishna, K.V. and Mamatha, H.V. (2010), "Compaction and strength behavior of lime-coir fiber treated black cotton soil", Geomech. Eng., 2(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2010.2.1.019
  38. Ranjan, G., Vasan, R.M. and Charan, H.D. (1996), "Probabilistic analysis of randomly distributed fibre-reinforced soil", J. Geotech. Eng., 122(6), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:6(419)
  39. Sika Fibres. (2005), Polypropylene fibres, technical data sheet, 3rd edn, Version No. 0010, Sika Fibre, Malaysia.
  40. Tang, C., Shi, B., Gao, W, Chen, F. and Cai, Y. (2007), "Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fibre reinforced and cement stabilized clayey soil", Geotext. Geomembranes, 25, 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2006.11.002
  41. Timuran Engineering (2007), Steel fibres reinforcements, Data Sheet, No. 503626-k, Selangor Malaysia.
  42. Tremblay, H., Duchesne, J., Locat, J. and Leroueil, S. (2002), "Influence of the nature of organic compounds on fine soil stabilization with cement", Can. Geotech. J., 39, 535-546. https://doi.org/10.1139/t02-002
  43. Wong, L.S., Hashim, R. and Ali, F.H. (2008), "Strength and permeability of stabilised peat soil", J. Appl. Sci., 8(17), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.1.13
  44. Woods, K.B., Berry, D.S. and Goetz, W.H. (1960), Highway engineering handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
  45. Yetimoglu, T. and Salbas, O. (2003), "A study on shear strength of sands reinforced with randomly distributed discrete fibres", Geotext. Geomembranes, 21, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00003-7
  46. Yetimoglu, T., Inanir, M. and Inanir, O.E. (2005), "A study on bearing capacity of randomly distributed fiberreinforced sand fills overlying soft clay", Geotext. Geomembranes, 23(2), 174-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2004.09.004

Cited by

  1. Compressibility behaviour of peat reinforced with precast stabilized peat columns and FEM analysis vol.9, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.9.4.415
  2. Strength and compressibility characteristics of peat stabilized with sand columns vol.5, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.6.575
  3. Shear Strength Parameters of Improved Peat by Chemical Stabilizer vol.31, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-013-9635-5
  4. Strength evaluation of air cured, cement treated peat with blast furnace slag vol.3, pp.3, 2011, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2011.3.3.207
  5. Immediate and long-term effects of lime and wheat straw on consistency characteristics of clayey soil vol.16, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.3.217
  6. Strength and mechanical behaviour of coir reinforced lime stabilized soil vol.16, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.16.6.627
  7. Consolidation settlement of soil foundations containing organic matters subjected to embankment load vol.24, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.24.1.043
  8. Comparative Strength of Fibre Reinforced Peat and Clayey-Silt by Using Shredded Scrap-Tire vol.1030, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1030.124
  9. Physio-Chemical Properties, Consolidation, and Stabilization of Tropical Peat Soil Using Traditional Soil Additives - A State of the Art Literature Review vol.25, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-021-1247-7
  10. The Implementation of Industrial Byproduct in Malaysian Peat Improvement: A Sustainable Soil Stabilization Approach vol.14, pp.23, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237315