References
- E. Canalis. Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid action in Bone : Implications to glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis, J. Clion. Endocri. Met. 1996 ; 81 : 3441-3447. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.81.10.3441
- Pietschmann P, Rauner M, Sipos W, Kerschan-Schindl K. Osteoporosis : an agerelated and gender-specific disease. Gerontology. 2008 ; 55(1) : 3-12.
- Pacifici R. Estrogen deficiency, T cells and bone loss. Cell Immunol. 2008 ; 252 (1-2) : 68-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.06.008
- Kumamoto H, Ooya K. Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor (OCIF)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) in ameloblastomas. J Oral Pathol Med. 2004 ; 33(1): 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00204.x
- Reddy SV. Regulatory mechanisms operative in osteoclasts. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2004 ; 14(4) : 255-70. https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.v14.i4.20
- Boyce BF, Yamashita T, Yao Z, Zhang Q, Li F, Xing L. Roles for NF-kappaB and c-Fos in osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Metab. 2005 ; 23 Suppl : 11-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03026317
- Murakami A, Song M, Ohigashi H. Phenethyl isothiocyanate suppresses receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)- induced osteoclastogenesis by blocking activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in RAW- 264.7 macrophages. Biofactors. 2007 ; 30(1) : 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520300101
- Pang M, Martinez AF, Fernandez I, Balkan W, Troen BR. AP-1 stimulates the cathepsin K promoter in RAW 264.7 cells. Gene. 2007 ; 403(1-2) : 151-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2007.08.007
- Lee ZH, Kim HH. Signal transduction by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B in osteoclasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 ; 305(2) : 211-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00695-8
- Lee SC, Lee KS, Roh JS, Park WY, Lee SH, Ahn BT, Chemical Study on the Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Securinega suffruticosa. Kor J Pharmacog. 1994; 25(2):105-112.
- Ohsaki A, Kobayashi Y, Yoneda K, Kishida A, Ishiyama H. Securinega alkaloids from the wood of Securinega suffruticosa var. amamiensis. J Nat Prod. 2007 ; 70 (12) : 2003-5. https://doi.org/10.1021/np0780102
- Lee SC, Ahn BT, Lee KS. Chemical study on the phenolic compounds from the leaves of Securinega suffruticosa. Kor J Pharmacog. 1994 ; 25 : 105.
- Raj D, Luczkiewicz M. Securinega suffruticosa. Fitoterapia. 2008 ; 79(6) : 419-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2008.02.011
- Beutler JA, Karbon EW, and Brubaker AN. Securinine alkaloids : A new class of GABA receptor antagonist. Brain Res. 1985 ; 330 : 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(85)90014-9
- Jang CH, Eun JS, Park HW, Seo SM, Yang JH, Leem KH, Oh SH, Kim DK. An Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor from the Leaves of Securinega suffruticosa. Kor J Pharmacog. 2003 ; 34(1) : 14-17
- Meiyanto E, Hoshijima M, Ogawa T, Ishida N, Takeya T. Osteoclast differentiation factor modulates cell cycle machinery and causes a delay in s phase progression in RAW264 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 ; 282(1) : 278-83. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2001.4564
- John T. Swarthout, Richard C. D'Alonzob, Nagarajan Selvamurugan and Nicola C. Partridge. Parathyroid hormone-dependent signaling pathways regulating genes in bone cells. Gene 2002 ; 282(1-2) : 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00798-3
- Cho ES, Yu JH, Kim MS, Yim M. Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, stimulates osteoclast formation by inducing TRANCE expression in mouse calvarial cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2004 ; 27(12) : 1258-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975891
- Khosla S. Minireview : the OPG/RANKL/ RANK system. Endocrinology. 2001 ; 142 (12) : 5050-5. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.142.12.5050
- Gallea S, Lallemand F, Atfi A, Rawadi G, Ramez V, Spinella-Jaegle S, Kawai S, Faucheu C, Huet L, Baron R, Roman- Roman S. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades is involved in regulation of bone morphogenetic protein- 2-induced osteoblast differentiation in pluripotent C2C12 cells. Bone. 2001 ; 28(5) : 491-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S8756-3282(01)00415-X
- Yao Z, Li P, Zhang Q, Schwarz EM, Keng P, Arbini A, Boyce BF, Xing L. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases circulating osteoclast precursor numbers by promoting their proliferation and differentiation in the bone marrow through up-regulation of c- Fms expression. J Biol Chem. 2006 ; 281 (17) : 11846-55. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M512624200
- Liu XH, Kirschenbaum A, Yao S, Levine AC. Interactive effect of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 on osteoclastogenesis via the OPG/RANKL/RANK system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 ; 1068 : 225-33. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1346.047
- Han SY, Lee NK, Kim KH, Jang IW, Yim M, Kim JH, Lee WJ, Lee SY. Transcriptional induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in osteoclast precursors is involved in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Blood. 2005 ; 106(4) : 1240-5. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-12-4975
- Wei X, Zhang X, Zuscik MJ, Drissi MH, Schwarz EM, O'Keefe RJ. Fibroblasts express RANKL and support osteoclastogenesis in a COX-2-dependent manner after stimulation with titanium particles. J Bone Miner Res. 2005 ; 20(7) : 1136-48. https://doi.org/10.1359/JBMR.050206
- Fukushima H, Jimi E, Kajiya H, Motokawa W, Okabe K. Parathyroid-hormone-related protein induces expression of receptor activator of NF-{kappa}B ligand in human periodontal ligament cells via a cAMP/ protein kinase A-independent pathway. J Dent Res. 2005 ; 84(4) : 329-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910508400407
- 34. Lin TH, Yang RS, Tang CH, Lin CP, Fu WM. PPARgamma inhibits osteogenesis via the down-regulation of the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in rats. Bone. 2007 Oct ; 41(4) : 562-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2007.06.017
- Zheng H, Yu X, Collin-Osdoby P, Osdoby P. RANKL stimulates inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in developing osteoclasts. An autocrine negative feedback mechanism triggered by RANKL-induced interferon-beta via NF-kappaB that restrains osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. J Biol Chem. 2006 ; 281(23) : 15809-20. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M513225200