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Investigation of osseointegration according to the healing time after having iatrogenic mobility of implant fixtures

임플란트 고정체의 인위적 비틀림 후 시간 경과에 따른 골재유착 반응에 관한 연구

  • Hwang, Yun-Jin (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Cho, Jin-Hyun (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Cheong-Hee (Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University)
  • 황윤진 (경북대학교 치의학전문대학원 치과보철학교실) ;
  • 조진현 (경북대학교 치의학전문대학원 치과보철학교실) ;
  • 이청희 (경북대학교 치의학전문대학원 치과보철학교실)
  • Received : 2010.10.13
  • Accepted : 2010.10.21
  • Published : 2010.10.29

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the change in re-osseointegration over time and bone reaction at the interface between implant fixture and the surface of the bone, after destroying re-osseointegration by distorting the bone-implant interface artificially. Materials and methods: Experimental implant fixtures (cp titanium, ${\phi}3.75\;mm{\times}4\;mm$) which didn't have surface treatment were produced. Two or three fixtures were implanted on both tibias of twelve female rabbits (New Zealand white, more than 3.5 kg). Then after six weeks, removal torque (RT) was measured and the results were recorded as the first measurement values. The fixtures were submerged again to get reosseointegration between the bone and fixture. To identify the change in re-osseointegration of submerged fixtures over time, six groups had the healing time for four days (group I), one week (group II), two weeks (group III), three weeks (group IV), four weeks (group V) and five weeks (group VI), and then the secondary removal torque was measured for each group. To identify the bone formation under fluorescent light, tetracycline (15 mg/kg, IM) were treated on the rabbits of each group. After the second measurement, the rabbits were sacrificed, and 16 slides were made, two or three for each group. The slides were observed under the fluorescent light with light microscope. To find out the change in the secondary removal torque over the primary removal torque in progress of time, the averages of the increase rate of the primary and secondary torque removal force were calculated. Then, to find out if there were any critical differences between the primary removal torque and the secondary removal torque in each group and among the groups, the results were analyzed statistically by paired t- test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results: In group I and II, secondary removal torque decreased, especially in group I. In group III, IV, V, and VI, secondary removal torque increased critically. Comparing the differences among the groups, the critical difference was shown between group I, II and group III, IV, V, VI. Mineralization at the interface between the bone and implant fixture was identified from the first week, and bone formation was shown more clearly from the second week. Conclusion: If the implant fixture remains unforced for a certain period of time after the fixture has had iatrogenic mobility, re-osseointegration occurs at the surface of the fixture, and for tibias of rabbits, higher re-osseointegration was obtained within two weeks.

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 골 유착된 임플란트에 인위적 비틀림을 가하여 골 유착을 파괴시킨 뒤 시간 경과에 따른 골 재유착력의 변화와 임플란트와 골과의 계면에서의 골 반응을 조직형태학적으로 분석하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 표면처리 하지 않은 실험용 임플란트 (cp titanium, ${\phi}3.75\;mm{\times}4\;mm$)를 제작하였다. 3.5 kg이상의 뉴질랜드산 흰색 암컷 토끼 12마리의 좌우 경골에 제작한 임플란트를 2 - 3개씩 식립한 후, 6주의 골유착 유도한 기간을 부여한 후 비틀림 제거력을 측정하여 1차 측정치로 기록한 다음, 골 재유착을 얻기 위하여 다시 침하시켰다. 시간 경과에 따른 골유착의 변화를 살펴보기 위해 각각 4일 (I군), 1주 (II군), 2주 (III군), 3주 (IV군), 4주 (V군), 및 5주 (VI군)의 치유기간 후에 2차 비틀림 제거력을 측정하였다. 형광 조사 하에서 골 재형성여부를 검사하기 위해서 각군의 토끼에게 테트라사이클린 15 mg/kg을 근육 주사하였다. 2차 비틀림 제거력을 측정한 후 토끼를 희생시키고 각 실험군당 2 - 3개씩 총 16개를 제작하였다. 광학 현미경을 이용하여 형광 조사 하에서 골재형성여부를 관찰하였다. 측정된 각 실험군의 1차 비틀림 제거력과 2차 비틀림 제거력의 증감율의 평균을 구하였다. 그리고 각 실험군에서 그리고 실험군간에서 2차 비틀림 제거력이 1차 비틀림 제거력에 대하여 유의한 변화가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, 그리고 DUNCAN 다중비교법으로 통계처리하였다. 결과: 실험 I군과 II군에서는 2차 비틀림 제거력이 감소하였으며 특히 실험 I군은 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 실험 III, IV, V, 그리고 VI군에서는 2차 비틀림 제거력이 유의성있게 증가하였다. 실험군 간 차이 비교에서, 실험 I, II군과 실험 III, IV, V, VI군 사이에 유의성있는 차이를 보였다. 형광 조사 검사에서 1주째 시편부터는 임플란트와 골과의 계면 부위에서 형광띠로 나타나는 광물화가 시작되는 부분이 관찰되었으며, 2주째 시편 이후부터는 더욱 분명하게 골생성이 이루어짐을 볼 수 있었다. 결론: 임플란트에 의원성 동요가 발생된 후 힘을 가하지 않은 상태로 일정시간 유지하게 되면 임플란트와 골 사이 계면에 다시 골유착이 발생되며 토끼의 경골에서는 높은 골유착력을 2주 만에 얻을 수 있었다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

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