참고문헌
- Benumof JL: Management of the difficult adult airway. Anesthesiology 1991; 75: 1087-110. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199112000-00021
- Brandt L: The first reported oral intubation of the human trachea. Anesth Analg 1987; 66: 1197-8. https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-198711000-00026
- Braz LG, Braz DG, Cruz DS, Fernandes LA, Módolo NS, Braz JR: Mortality in anesthesia: a systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64: 999-1006. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322009001000011
- El-Ganzouri AR, McCarthy RJ, Tuman KJ, Tanck EN, Ivankovich AD: Preoperative airway assessment: predictive value of a multivariate risk index. Anesth Analg 1996; 82: 1197-204.
- Ezri T, Szmuk P, Warters RD, Katz J, Hagberg CA: Difficult airway management practice patterns among anesthesiologists practicing in the United States: have we made any progress? J Clin Anesth 2003; 15: 418-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0952-8180(03)00080-1
- Fan LL, Sparks LM, Fix FJ: Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy for airway problems in a pediatric intensive care unit. Chest 1988; 93: 556-60. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.93.3.556
- Fuchs G, Schwarz G, Baumgartner A, Kaltenbock F, Voit-Augustin H, Planinz W: Fiberoptic intubation in 327 neurosurgical patients with lesions of the cervical spine. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1999; 11: 11-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008506-199901000-00003
- Hartley M, Morris S, Vaughan RS: Teaching fiberoptic intubation. Effect of alfentanil on the haemodynamic response. Anaesthesia 1994; 49: 335-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1994.tb14188.x
- Jacobsen J, Jensen E, Waldau T, Poulsen TD: Preoperative evaluation of intubation conditions in patients scheduled for elective surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996; 40: 421-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1996.tb04463.x
- Janssens M, Hartstein G: Management of difficult intubation. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2001; 18: 3-12.
- Khan ZH, Kashfi A, Ebrahimkhani E: A comparison of the upper lip bite test (a simple new technique) with modified Mallampati classification in predicting difficulty in endotracheal intubation: A prospective blinded study. Anesth Analg 2003; 96: 595-9.
- Mallampati SR: Clinical signs to predict difficult tracheal intubation: a prospective study. Can Anaesth Soc J 1983; 30: 316-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03013818
- Murphy D: A fiberoptic endoscopy used for nasotracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 1967; 22: 489-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1967.tb02771.x
- Paix AD, Williamson JA, Runciman WB: Crisis management during anaesthesia: difficult intubation. Qual Saf Health Care 2005; 14: e5. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2002.004135
- Pearce A: Evaluation of the airway and preparation for difficulty. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2005; 19: 559-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2005.07.004
- Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology 2003; 98: 1269-77. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200305000-00032
- Reed AP: Preparation of the patient for awake flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest 1992; 101: 244-53. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.101.1.244
- Samsoon GL, Young JR: Difficult tracheal intubation: a retrospective study. Anaesthesia 1987; 42: 487-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb04039.x
- Shiga T, Wajima Z, Inoue T, Sakamoto A: Predicting difficult intubation in apparently normal patients: a meta-analysis of bedside screening test performance. Anesthesiology 2005; 103: 429-37. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200508000-00027
- Wilson ME, Spiegelhalter D, Robertson JA, Lesser P: Predicting difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth 1988; 61: 211-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/61.2.211