Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Molecular Identification of Korean Mountain Ginseng Using an Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)

  • In, Jun-Gyo (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Min-Kyeoung (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Ok-Ran (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Yu-Jin (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Beom-Soo (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kim, Se-Young (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kwon, Woo-Seang (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yang, Deok-Chun (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University)
  • Published : 2010.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Expensive herbs such as ginseng are always a possible target for fraudulent labeling. New mountain ginseng strains have occasionally been found deep within mountain areas and commercially traded at exorbitant prices. However, until now, no scientific basis has existed to distinguish such ginseng from commonly cultivated ginseng species other than by virtue of being found within deep mountain areas. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer has been shown to be an appropriate method for the identification of the most popular species (Panax ginseng) in the Panax ginseng genus. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified between three newly found mountain ginseng (KGD4, KGD5, and KW1) and already established Panax species. Specific PCR primers were designed from this SNP site within the sequence data and used to detect the mountain ginseng strains via multiplex PCR. The established multiplex-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of newly found mountain ginseng strains, Korean ginseng, and foreign ginseng in a single reaction was determined to be effective. This study is the first report of scientific discrimination of "mountain ginsengs" and describes an effective method of identification for fraud prevention and for uncovering the possible presence of other, cheaper ginseng species on the market.

Keywords

References

  1. Jorgensen RA, and Cluster PD. Modes and tempos in theevolution of nuclear ribosomal DNA: new characters forevolutionary studies and new markers for genetic and populationstudies. Annals Miss Bot Garden 75(4): 1238-1247(1998)
  2. Cho JS, Han Y N, Oh HI, Park H, Sung HS, Park JI (Eds.). Understanding of Korean Ginseng: Korean ginseng contains various effective components. The Society for Korean Ginseng, Seoul, Korea, p 39-41 (1995)
  3. Lee FC, Elizabeth NJ, (Ed.). Facts about ginseng, the elixir of life. Hollyn International Corp. (1992)
  4. See DM, Broumand N, Sahl L, Tilles JG. In vitro effects ofEchinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependentcell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and chronic fatiquesyndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.Immunopharm. 35(3): 229-235 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0162-3109(96)00125-7
  5. Song ZJ, Johansen HK, Faber V, Hoiby N. Ginseng treatmentreduces bacterial load and lung pathology in chronic Pseudomonasaeruginosa pneumonia in rats. Antimicrob. Agents Chemo.41(5): 961-964 (1997)
  6. Nishiyama N, Chu PJ, Saito H. An herbal prescription, S-113m, consisting of biota, ginseng and schizandra, improveslearning performance in senescence accelerated mouse. BiolPharm Bull. 19(3): 388-393 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.19.388
  7. Scaglione F, Cattaneo G, Alessandria M, Cogo R. Efficacyand safety of the standardized ginseng extract G 115 forpotentiating vaccination against common cold and/or influenzasyndrome. Drugs Under Exp Clin Res. 22(2): 65-72(1996)
  8. Kim HS, Kang JG, Oh KW. Inhibition by ginseng total saponinof the development of morphine reverse tolerance anddopamine receptor supersensitivity in mice. General pharm.26(5): 1071-1076 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)00267-Q
  9. Kim HY. Ginsenosides protect pulmonary vascular endotheliumagainst free radical induced injury. Biochem BiophysRes Comm. 189(2): 670-676 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(92)92253-T
  10. Takahashi M. Anti-stress effect of ginseng on the inhibitionof the development of morphine tolerance in stressed mice.Jpn J Pharm. 59(3): 399-404 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.59.399
  11. Rhee YH. Inhibition of mutagenesis and transformation byroot extracts of Panax ginseng in vitro. Planta Medica 57(2):125-128 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960047
  12. Takemoto Y. Potentiation of nerve growth factor-mediatednerve fiber production in organ cultures of chicken embryonicganglia by ginseng saponins: Structure-activity relationship.Chem Pharm Bull. (Tokyo) 32(8): 3128-3133 (1984) https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.32.3128
  13. Chang HM, Yeung HW, Tso WW, Koo A (Eds.). Chemical and biochemical studies on antioxidant components of ginseng. In: Advances in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. World Scientific Press, Singapore, p 485-498 (1985)
  14. Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ. PCR protocols. A guide to methods and applications: Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Academic Press, San Diego, p 315-322 (1990)
  15. Baldwin BG. Phylogenetic utility of the internal transcribedspacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA: an example from theComositae. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1(1): 3-16 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1016/1055-7903(92)90030-K
  16. Guo Y, Kondo K, Terabayashi S, Yamamoto Y, Shimada H,Fujita M, Kawasaki T, Maruyama T, Goda Y, Mizukami H.DNA authentication of So-jutsu (Atractylodes lancea rhizome)and Byaku-jutsu (Atractylodes rhizome) obtained inthe market based on the nucleotice sequence of the 18S-5.8SrDNA internal transcribed spacer region. J Nat Med. 60:149-156 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-006-0032-8
  17. Howard C, Bremner PD, Fower MR, Isodo B, Scott NW,Slater A. Molecular identification of Hypericum perforatumby PCR amplification of the ITS and 5.8S rDNA region.Planta Med. 75: 864-869 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1185397
  18. Suh Y, Thien LB, Reeve HE, Zimmer EA. Molecular evolutionand phylogenetic implications of internal transcribedspacer sequences of ribosomal DNA variation in Winteraceae.Am J Bot 80(9): 1042-1055 (1993) https://doi.org/10.2307/2445752
  19. Hall TA. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignmenteditor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT.Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 41: 95-98. (1999)
  20. Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, HigginsDG. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategiesfor multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysistools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25(24): 4876-4882 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
  21. Zhou J, Huang WG., Wu MZ, Yang CR, Feng KM, Wu ZY.Triterpenoids from Panax Linn. and their relationship withtaxonomy and geographical distribution. Acta Phytotax Sin.13(2): 29-45 (1975)

Cited by

  1. Molecular identification of Schisandra chinensis and its allied species using multiplex PCR based on SNPs vol.34, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-011-0201-3
  2. Expression and stress tolerance of PR10 genes from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer vol.39, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-011-0987-8
  3. Molecular characterization and population genetic diversity of Limonium sinense based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and ISSR vol.49, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795413050049
  4. Molecular Identification of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. and R. sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai Using SNP Sites vol.28, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2015.28.6.743
  5. Molecular characterization of 5-chlorophyll a/b-binding protein genes from Panax ginseng Meyer and their expression analysis during abiotic stresses vol.54, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0189-7