Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Reproductive Performance, Milk Composition, Blood Metabolites and Hormone Profiles of Lactating Sows Fed Diets with Different Cereal and Fat Sources

  • Park, M.S. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Shinde, P.L. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yang, Y.X. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, J.S. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Choi, J.Y. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yun, K. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Y.W. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lohakare, J.D. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yang, B.K. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, J.K. (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chae, Byung-Jo (College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • Received : 2009.07.30
  • Accepted : 2009.08.27
  • Published : 2010.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Different dietary cereal sources and fat types in the lactation diet were evaluated to investigate their effects on reproductive performance, milk composition, blood metabolites and hormones in multiparous sows. Twenty-four sows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments according to a 2${\times}$2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates comprising 1 sow. Two cereal (corn or wheat) and two fat (tallow or soybean oil) sources were used to prepare iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets. Sows fed corn-based diets lost less body weight (p = 0.003) and backfat thickness (p = 0.034), consumed more feed (p = 0.032) and had shorter wean-to-estrus interval (p = 0.016) than sows fed wheat-based diets. Fewer piglets and lower body weight of piglets (p<0.05) at weaning were noted in sows fed wheat-based diets than in sows fed corn-based diets. However, no significant effects (p>0.05) of dietary fat source and its interaction with dietary cereal source on sow body condition and reproductive performance were observed during lactation. Feeding of a corn-based diet improved (p<0.05) sow milk total solid, protein and fat, increased blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.032) and triglyceride (p = 0.018), and decreased blood creatinine (p = 0.011) concentration at weaning when compared with sows fed wheatbased diets. Sows fed corn-based diets had higher concentration of insulin (p = 0.048) and LH (p<0.05) at weaning than sows fed wheatbased diets. The results indicate that feeding corn-based diets to lactating sows improved sow body condition and reproductive performance compared with wheat-based diets regardless of fat sources.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official method of analysis (15th ed). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, VA
  2. Averette, L. A., J. Odle, M. H. Monaco and S. M. Donovan. 1999. Dietary fat during pregnancy and lactation increases milk fat and insulin-like growth factor I concentrations and improves neonatal growth rates in swine. J. Nutr. 129: 2123-2129
  3. Babinszky, L., D. J. Langhout, M. W. Verstegen, L. A. den Hartog, T. Zandstra, P. L. G. Bakker and J. A. A. M. Verstegen. 1992. Dietary vitamin E and fat source and lactating performance of primiparous sows and their piglets. Livest. Prod. Sci. 30:155- 168 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(05)80027-2
  4. Barb, C. R., R. R. Kraeling and G. B. Rampacek. 2001. Nutritional regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in pigs. Reprod. Suppl. 58:1-15
  5. Boyd, R. D., B. D. Moser and E. R. Peo, Jr. 1982. Effect of tallow and choline chloride addition to the diet of sows on milk composition, milk yield and preweaning pig performance. J. Anim. Sci. 54:1-7
  6. Bryant, K. L., E. T. Kornegay, J. W. Knight, K. E. Webb and D. R. Notter. 1985. Supplemental biotin for swine. II. Influence of supplementation to corn- and wheat-based diets on eproductive performance and various biochemical criteria of ows during four parities. J. Anim. Sci. 60:145-153
  7. Coffey, M. T., J. A. Yates and G. E. Combs. 1987. Effects of feeding sows fat or fructose during late gestation and lactation. J. Anim. Sci. 65:1249-1256
  8. Etienne, M., J. Noblet and B. Desmoulin. 1985. Mobilisation des re´serves corporelles chez la truie primipare en lactation. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 25:341-344 https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19850227
  9. Everts, H. 1998. Nitrogen intake and metabolism during pregnancy and lactation. In: The lactating sow (Ed. M. W. A. Verstegen, P. J. Moughan and J. W. Schrama). Wageningen University Press, The Netherlands, pp. 201-219
  10. Freeman, C. P. 1969. Properties of fatty acids in dispersion of emulsified lipid and bile salt and the significance of these properties in fat absorption in the pig and the sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 23:249-263 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19690032
  11. Heo, S., Y. X. Yang, Z. Jin, M. S. Park, B. K. Yang and B. J. Chae. 2008. Effects of dietary energy and lysine intake during late gestation and lactation on blood metabolites, hormones, milk composition and reproductive performance in primiparous sows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88:247-255 https://doi.org/10.4141/CJAS07060
  12. Huang, R. L., Y. L. Yin, K. P. Wang, T. J. Li and J. X. Liu. 2003. Nutritional value of fermented and non-fermented material of distiller's grains in pig nutrition. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 12:261- 269
  13. Jones, D. B., J. D. Hancock, D. L. Harmon and C. E. Walker. 1992. Effects of exogenous emulsifiers and fat sources on nutrient digestibility, serum lipids, and growth performance in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3473-3482
  14. Jones, G. M., S. A. Edwards, A. G. Sinclair, F. E. Gebbie, J. A. Rooke, S. Jagger and S. Hoste. 2002. The effect of maize starch or soya-bean oil as energy sources in lactation on sow and piglet performance in association with sow metabolic state around peak lactation. Anim. Sci. 75:57-66
  15. Kauffold, J., J. Gottschalk, F. Schneider, N. Beynon and M. W$\ddot{a}$hner. 2008. Effects of feeding level during lactation on FSH and LH secretion patterns, and follicular development in primiparous sows. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 43:234-238 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00880.x
  16. Kemp, B. 1998. Lactational effects on the endocrinology of reproduction. In: The lactating sow (Ed. M. W. A. Verstegen, P. J. Moughan and J. W. Schrama). Wageningen University Press, The Netherlands, pp. 241-257
  17. Kemp, B., N. M. Soede, F. A. Helmond and M. W. Bosch. 1995. Effects of energy source in the diet on reproductive hormones and insulin during lactation and subsequent estrus in multiparous sows. J. Anim. Sci. 73:3022-3029
  18. King, R. R. and I. H. Williams. 1984. The effect of nutrition on the reproductive performance of first-litter sows. Anim. Prod. 38:249-325 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100002245
  19. Koketsu, Y., G. D. Dial, J. E. Pettigrew, J. L. Xue, H. Yang and T. Lucia. 1998. Influence of lactation length and feed intake on reproductive performance and blood concentrations of glucose, insulin and luteinizing hormone in primiparous sows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 52:153-163 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(98)00093-1
  20. Kruse, P. E., V. Danielsen, H. E. Nielsen and K. Christensen. 1977. The influence of different dietary levels of linoleic acid on reproductive performance and fatty acid composition of milk fat and plasma lipids in pigs. Acta Agric. Scand. 27:289-296 https://doi.org/10.1080/00015127709435142
  21. Lin, F. D., D. A. Knabe and T. D. Tanksley, Jr. 1987. Apparent digestibility of amino acids, gross energy and starch in corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, oat groats and wheat middlings for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 64:1655-1665
  22. McNamara, J. P. and J. E. Pettigrew. 2002. Protein and fat utilization in lactating sows: I. Effects on milk production and body composition. J. Anim. Sci. 80:2442-2451
  23. Miller, G. M., J. H. Conrad and R. B. Harrington. 1971. Effect of dietary unsaturated fatty acids and stage of lactation on milk composition and adipose tissue in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 32:79- 83
  24. Mitchaothai, J., C. Yuangklang, S. Wittayakun, K. Vasupen, S. Wongsutthavas, P. Srenanul, R. Hovenier, H. Everts and A. C. Beynen. 2007. Effect of dietary fat type on meat quality and fatty acid composition of various tissues in growing–finishing swine. Meat Sci. 76:95-101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.10.017
  25. Myer, R. O., W. R. Walker and R. D. Barnett. 1999. Feeding wheat to swine. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service Fact Sheet AS 25. pp. 6
  26. Noblet, J., M. Etienne and J. Y. Dourmad. 1998. Energetic efficiency of milk production. In: The lactating sow (Ed. M. W. A. Verstegen, P. J. Moughan and J. W. Schrama). Wageningen University Press, The Netherlands, pp. 113-130
  27. NRC. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine (10th Ed). National Academy Press, Washington, DC
  28. Nyachoti, C. M., J. S. Sands, M. L. Connor and O. Adeola. 2006. Effect of supplementing phytase to corn- or wheat-based gestation and lactation diets on nutrient digestibility and sow and litter performance. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86:501-510 https://doi.org/10.4141/A04-500
  29. Park, M. S., Y. X. Yang, J. Y. Choi, S. Y. Yoon, S. S. Ahn, S. H. Lee, B. K. Yang, J. K. Lee and B. J. Chae. 2008. Effects of dietary fat inclusion at two energy levels on reproductive performance, milk compositions and blood profiles in lactating sows. Acta Agric. Scand. Section A Anim. Sci. 58:121-128 https://doi.org/10.1080/09064700802400803
  30. Parmley, K. L. S. and J. P. McNamara. 1996. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissue of pigs fed varying amounts of energy. J. Nutr. 126:1644-1656
  31. Rapp, C., H.-J. Lantzsch and W. Drochner. 2001. Hydrolysis of phytic acid by intrinsic plant or supplemented microbial phytase (Aspergillus niger) in the stomach and small intestine of minipigs fitted with re-entrant cannulas: 1. Passage of dry matter and total phosphorus. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 85: 406-413 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001.00351.x
  32. Theil, P. K., H. J${\o}$rgensen and K. Jakobsen. 2004. Energy and protein metabolism in lactating sows fed two levels of dietary fat. Livest. Prod. Sci. 89:265-276 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.01.001
  33. Tilton, S. L., P. S. Miller, A. J. Lewis, D. E. Reese and P. M. Ermer. 1999. Addition of fat to the diets of lactating sows: I. Effects on milk production and composition and carcass composition of the litter at weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 77:2491-2500
  34. Tokach, M. D., J. E. Pettigrew, G. D. Dial, J. E. Wheaton, B. A. Crooker and L. J. Johnston. 1992. Characterization of luteinizing hormone secretion in the primiparous, lactating sow: Relationship to blood metabolites and return-to-estrus interval. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2195-2201
  35. Trollerz, G. and P. Lindberg. 1965. Influence of dietary fat and short time starvation on the composition of sow-milk fat. Acta Vet. Scand. 6:118-134
  36. van den Brand, H., S. J. Dieleman, N. M. Soede B. Kemp. 2000. Dietary energy source at two feeding levels during lactation of primiparous sows: I. Effects on glucose, insulin, and luteinizing hormone and on follicle development, weaning-toestrus interval, and ovulation rate. J. Anim. Sci. 78:396-404
  37. van den Brand, H., N. M. Soede, J. W. Schrama and B. Kemp. 1998. Effects of dietary energy source on plasma glucose and insulin concentration in gilts. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 79: 27-32 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.1998.tb00626.x
  38. Yang, Y. X., S. Heo, Z. Jin, J. H. Yun, P. Shinde, J. Y. Choi, B. K. Yang and B. J. Chae. 2008. Effects of dietary energy and lysine intake during late gestation and lactation on blood metabolites, hormones, milk composition and reproductive performance in multiparous sows. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 62:10-21 https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390701780227
  39. Yin, Y. L., Z. Y. Deng, H.-L. Huang, H. Y. Zhong, Z. P. Hou, J. Gong and Q. Liu. 2004. Nutritional and health function of carbohydrate for pigs. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 13:523-538
  40. Zak, L. J., I. H. Williams, G. R. Foxcroft, J. R. Pluske, A. C. Cegielski, E. J. Clowes and F. X. Aherne. 1998. Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states: I. Associated endocrine changes and postweaning reproductive performance. J. Anim. Sci. 76: 1145-1153

Cited by

  1. Effects of Pre-Weaning Energy Substitutions on Post-Weaning Follicle Development, Steroid Hormones and Subsequent Litter Size in Primiparous Sows vol.48, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12118
  2. Recent progress of porcine milk components and mammary gland function vol.9, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-018-0291-8
  3. Effects of Fat Supplementation during Gestation on Reproductive Performance, Milk Composition of Sows and Intestinal Development of their Offspring vol.9, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9040125
  4. The Effect of Increasing Neutral Detergent Fiber Level through Different Fiber Feed Ingredients throughout the Gestation of Sows vol.11, pp.2, 2010, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020415