The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (응용통계연구)

The Korean Statistical Society (한국통계학회)
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A Comparison of Seasonal Adjustment Methods: An Application of X-13A-S Program on X-12 Filter and SEATS

X-13A-S 프로그램을 이용한 계절조정방법 분석 - X-12 필터와 SEATS 방법의 비교 -

  • Received : 20100800
  • Accepted : 20101000
  • Published : 2010.12.31
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Abstract

This paper compares the two most widely used seasonal adjustment methods: the X-12-ARIMA and TRAMO-SEATS procedures. The basic features of these methods are discussed and compared in both their theoretical and empirical aspects. In doing so, the X-13A-S program is used to reevaluate their applicability to Korean macroeconomic data by considering possible structural breaks in the series. The finding is that both methods provide very reliable and stable estimates of seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted data. As for the empirical comparisons, TRAMO-SEATS appears to outperform X-12-ARIMA, although the results are somewhat mixed depending on the comparison criteria used and on the series under analysis. In particular, the performance of TRAMO-SEATS turns out to compare more favorably when seasonal adjustment is carried out to each sub-samples (by taking possible structural breaks into account) than when the whole sample period is used. The result suggests that as the model-based TRAMO-SEATS has a considerable theoretical appeal, some features of TRAMO-SEATS should further be incorporated into X-12-ARIMA until a standard and integrated procedure is reached by combining the theoretical coherence of TRAMO-SEATS and the empirical usefulness of X-12-ARIMA.

본 연구에서는 최근에 새롭게 개발된 X-13A-S 프로그램을 이용하여 우리나라 경제시계열에 적합한 계절조정방법을 모색하였다. 특히 한국의 주요 거시경제지표에 대하여 X-12 필터와 SEATS 방법을 각각 적용하여 계절조정계열을 산출하고, 안정성 멱등성 등 계절조정의 적합성 평가기준을 토대로 두 방법의 유용성에 대한 이론적 실증적 비교분석을 시도하였다. 본 연구의 분석에 의하면 두 방법 모두 안정성이 우수한 것으로 나타나 계절조정의 신뢰성은 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 두 방법 사이의 상대적 비교에서는 대상 자료에 따라 약간 다른 결과를 보이고 있기는 하지만 전체적으로 모형에 기초하여 계절조정을 시행하는 SEATS 방법이 우월한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 구조변화를 고려하여 구간을 나누어 계절변동조정을 시행하면, 전체 기간에 대한 분석에 비해 SEATS 방법에 상대적으로 더 유리한 결과가 도출되었다. 이는 모형 분석에 기초를 둔 TRAMO-SEATS 방법이 계절조정의 이론적 정합성 및 일관성 측면에서 더 우수하다는 최근의 학문적인 연구 결과와 일치한다. 이러한 결과는 그 동안 현재 국내에서 사용되고 있는 X-12-ARIMA 방법 이외에 TRAMO-SEATS 방법을 한국 경제시계열 자료에 적용할 필요성이 있다는 것을 암시하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 향후 X-13A-S 프로그램과 같이 두 방법을 같이 병행하면서 이를 우리 자료에 맞게 조정하는 방안에 관한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. 이를 통해 계량모형에 기초한 TRAMO-SEATS 방법의 이론적 정합성과 X-12-ARIMA 방법의 실증적 적합성을 결합시킬 수 있는 새로운 차원의 계절조정방법을 계속 모색해야 한다.

Keywords

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