The Strategic Thinking of Mathematically Gifted Elementary Students in LOGO Project Learning

LOGO를 이용한 프로젝트 학습에서 나타난 초등 수학영재 학생들의 전략적 사고

The purpose of this study is to suggest a new direction in using LOGO as a gifted education program and to seek an effective approach for LOGO teaching and learning, by analyzing the strategic thinking of mathematically gifted elementary students. This research is exploratory and inquisitive qualitative inquiry, involving observations and analyses of the LOGO Project learning process. Four elementary students were selected and over 12 periods utilizing LOGO programming, data were collected, including screen captures from real learning situations, audio recordings, observation data from lessons involving experiments, and interviews with students. The findings from this research are as follows: First, in LOGO Project Learning, the mathematically gifted elementary students were found to utilize such strategic ways of thinking as inferential thinking in use of prior knowledge and thinking procedures, generalization in use of variables, integrated thinking in use of the integration of various commands, critical thinking involving evaluation of prior commands for problem-solving, progressive thinking involving understanding, and applying the current situation with new viewpoints, and flexible thinking involving the devising of various problem solving skills. Second, the students' debugging in LOGO programming included comparing and constrasting grammatical information of commands, graphic and procedures according to programming types and students' abilities, analytical thinking by breaking down procedures, geometry-analysis reasoning involving analyzing diagrams with errors, visualizing diagrams drawn following procedures, and the empirical reasoning on the relationships between the whole and specifics. In conclusion, the LOGO Project Learning was found to be a program for gifted students set apart from other programs, and an effective way to promote gifted students' higher-level thinking abilities.

본 연구의 목적은 LOGO를 이용한 프로젝트 학습에서 나타난 초등 수학영재 학생들의 전략적 사고 유형을 분석하여 LOGO 학습과 고등 사고 활동과의 연관성을 구체적으로 밝힘으로써 영재교육 프로그램으로서 LOGO 활용에 대한 새로운 방향을 제시하고 LOGO 교수-학습의 효과적인 접근 방안을 모색하는데 있다. LOGO 프로그래밍을 계획하는 과정에서는 기존의 지식과 절차를 활용하는 유추적 사고, 변수를 이용한 일반화, 여러 가지 명령어의 기능을 통합하여 활용하는 통합적 사고, 문제 해결을 위해 기존 명령어를 평가하는 비판적 사고, 현재의 상황을 새로운 관점에서 이해하고 응용하는 발전적 사고, 여러 가지 해결 방법을 구상하는 유연한 사고 등의 전략적 사고가 관찰되었다. 오류 수정 과정에서 나타난 전략은 명령어의 문법적인 지식, 그림과 절차를 대조하는 방법, 절차를 분해하는 분석적 사고, 도형-분석적 추론, 시각적 추론, 경험적 추론 등이 나타났다.