Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Alterations of Spontaneous Sleep Architecture and Cortical Electroencephalogram Power Spectra by Red Ginseng Extract via GABAAergic Systems

  • Yang, Shu-Long (Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Nam, Sang-Yoon (Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Han, Jin-Yi (Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Jun-Cheol (College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Nam (College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Hong, Jin-Tae (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Oh, Ki-Wan (College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Eun, Jae-Soon (College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University)
  • Received : 2010.07.23
  • Accepted : 2010.10.20
  • Published : 2010.12.29
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Abstract

This study was undertaken to discover the effects and possible mechanisms of the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) on spontaneous sleep. The effects of a low dose (10 mg/kg) and a high dose (200 mg/kg) of RGE were compared in rats. After recovery from a surgical operation enabling electroencephalograms recordings, rats were administered RGE orally. RGE was administered orally for 1 day or once per day for 5 days in either 10 or 200 mg/kg doses. Polygraphic signs were recorded for 12 h after oral administration of RGE. Both treatment with a large dose (200 mg/kg) of RGE for one day and treatment with either a large or a small dose for 5 days reduced the number of sleep.wake cycles. Daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg) for 5 days augmented NREM and total sleep, but reduced wakefulness. Delta wave activity recorded during non-REM (NREM) sleep and REM sleep was increased after one treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg). Delta wave activity during NREM was enhanced after daily treatment with RGE (either 10 or 200 mg/kg) for 5 days. Both alpha and beta subunits of the $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid $(GABA)_A$ receptor were significantly over-expressed in the hypothalamus of the RGE-treated groups. Moreover, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase was also increased in the hypothalamus. These results demonstrate that RGE may regulate spontaneous sleep via $GABA_A$ergic systems.

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