Isolation and Characterization of Dark Brownish Pigments from Fruit Body of Auricularia auricula

흑목이 버섯 자실체의 흑갈색 색소 동정 및 특성

  • Kim, Hyeon-Min (Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Hur, Won (Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Shin-Young (Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University)
  • 김현민 (강원대학교 생물공학과) ;
  • 허원 (강원대학교 생물공학과) ;
  • 이신영 (강원대학교 생물공학과)
  • Received : 2009.10.01
  • Accepted : 2009.11.11
  • Published : 2009.11.30

Abstract

A dark brownish pigment from fruit body of Auricularia auricula was isolated and characterized in this report. The pigment was obtained with a yield of 0.61%(w/w) by alkaline extraction and subsequent purification steps. It showed the positive $FeCl_3$ test which was the indication of phenolic compounds. A synthetic melanin showed a similar spectrometric characteristics to the pigment extract regarding a characteristic UV absorption between 200-250 nm and infrared absorptions profiles in the finger print region including absorption peaks at 1701 and 1624 $cm^{-1}$. Its element analysis indicated that its atomic copmposition is close to that of DOPA melanin (eumelanin). With the result of its antioxidant activity in the TNBT (5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid) assay, we concluded that the dark brownish pigment from A. auricula is a melanin-like compound having a powerful antioxidative activity.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국산업기술재단

References

  1. Babitskaya VG, Shcherba VV, Ikonnikova NV. 2000. Melanincomplex of the fungus Inonotus obliquus. Appl. Biochem.Microbiol. 36: 322-381 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02738046v
  2. Bell AA, Wheeler MH. 1986. Biosynthesis and functions of fungalmelanins. Annu. Rev. Phytopath. 24: 411-451 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.24.090186.002211
  3. Casadevall A, Rosas AL, Nosanchuk JD. 2000. Melanin and virulencein Cryptococcus neoformans. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 3:354-358 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00103-X
  4. Ching TL, Jong J, Bast A. 1994. A method for screeninghypochlorous acid scavengers by inhibition of the oxidation of5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid application to anti-asthmatic drugs.Anal. Biochem. 218: 377-381 https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1994.1195
  5. Chung YA, Lee JK. 2003. Antioxidative properties of phenoliccompounds extracted from black rice. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci.Nutr. 32: 948-951 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.6.948
  6. Daniel J. 1938. Studies on multiple allelomorphic series in thehouse mouse. A spectrophotometric study of mouse melanin. J.Genet. 36: 139-143 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02982378
  7. Elinov NP, Yurlova NA. 1976. Melanin pigment in Aureobasidiumpullulans Arnaud. Chem. Natur. Compounds 13: 216-221 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00563952
  8. Elliott ML. 1995. Effect of melanin biosynthesis inhibiting compoundson Gaeumannomyces species. Mycologia 87: 370-374 https://doi.org/10.2307/3760835
  9. Filip Z, Haider K, Beutelspacher H, Martin JP. 1974. Comparisonof IR spectra from melanins of microscopic soil fungi, humicacids and model phenol polymers. Geoderma. 11: 37-52 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(74)90005-6
  10. Goncalves RC, Pombeiro-Sponchiado SR. 2005. Antioxidant activityof the melanin pigment extracted from Aspergillus nidulans.Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28: 1129-1131 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.1129
  11. Harki E, Talou T, Dargent R. 1997. Purification, characterisationand analysis of melanin extracted from Tuber melanosporumVitt. Food Chem. 58: 69-73 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(96)00215-4
  12. Henson JM, Butler MJ, Day AW. 1999. The dark side of themycelium: melanins of phytopathogenic fungi. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.37: 447-471 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.447
  13. Hsu Y, Guo L. 2002. Antioxidant nutrients and lead toxicity. Toxicology180: 33-44 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00380-3
  14. Hunt G, Fogel R. 1983. Fungal hyphal dynamics in a westernoregon douglas-fir stand. Soil Biol Biochem. 15: 641-649 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(83)90027-5
  15. Kim HM, Hur W, Lim KB, Lee SY. 2009. Adsorption characteristicof dark brownish coloured compounds from the hot waterextract of Auricularia auricula fruit body. Food Eng. Prog.13:138-146
  16. Liu Y, Simon JD. 2003. Isolation and biophysical studies of naturaleumelanins: applications of imaging technologies andultrafast spectroscopy. Pigment Cell Res. 16: 606-618 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0749.2003.00098.x
  17. Lyakh SP. 1981. Microbial melaninogenesis and its function. Moscow,Science. Pub p. 274
  18. Mironenko NV, Alekhina IA, Zhdanova NN, Bulat SA. 2000.Intraspecific variation in gamma-radiation resistance andgenomic structure in the filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata:a case study of strains inhabiting Chernobyl reactor, 4.Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 45: 177-187 https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1999.1848
  19. Montefiori DC and Zhou JY. 1991. Selective antiviral activity ofsynthetic soluble L-tyrosine and L-dopa melanin against humanimmunodeficiency virus in vitro. Antiviral Res. 15: 11-25 https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-3542(91)90037-R
  20. Nicolaus R. 1968. Melanins. In: Chemistry of Natural Products,Series. Lederer E(ed.). Hermann Press, Paris, France, pp.1-305
  21. Nosanchuk JD and Casadevall A. 2003. The contribution of melaninto microbial pathogenesis. Cellular Microbiol. 5: 203-223 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-5814.2003.00268.x
  22. Paim S, Linhares LF, Magrich AS, Martin JP. 1990. Characterizationof fungal melanins and soil humic acids by chemical analysisand infrared spectroscopy. Biol. Fertil. Soils 10: 72-76 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336128
  23. Russell JD, Vaughan D, Jones D, Fraser AR. 1983. An IR spectroscopicstudy of soil humic and its relationship to other soilhumic substances and fungal pigments. Geoderma. 29: 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(83)90026-5
  24. Sava VM, Galkin BN, Hong MY, Yang PC, Huang GS. 2001. Anovel melanin-like pigment derived from black tea leaves withimmuno- stimulating activity. Food Res. Int. 34: 337-343 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00173-3
  25. Schnitzer M, Neyroud JA. 1975. Further investigations on thechemistry of fungal 'humic acids'. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 7: 365-371 https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(75)90051-6
  26. Selvakumar P, Rajasekar S, Periasamy K, Raaman N. 2008. Isolationand characterization of melanin pigment from Pleurotuscystidiosus. World J. Microbiol. Biotech. 24: 2125-2131 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-008-9718-2
  27. Tomas M. 1955. Melanins. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis.661. Paech K. Tracey MV, Eds. Springer. Berlin, Germany
  28. Tu YG, Sun YZ, Tian YG, Xie MY, Chen J. 2008. Physicochemical characterisation and antioxidant activity of melanin from themuscles of Taihe Black-bone silky fowl. Food Chem. 111: 745-749 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.053
  29. Wang H, Pan Y, Tang X, Huang Z. 2006. Isolation and characterizationof melanin from Osmanthus fragrans seeds. LWT 39:496-502 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2005.04.001
  30. Wu Y, Shan L, Yang S, Ma A. 2008. Identification and antioxidantactivity of melanin isolated from Hypoxylon archeri, acompanion fungus of Tremella fuciformis. J. Basic Microbiol.48: 217-221 https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.200700366
  31. Xu J, Chen S, Hu Q. 2005. Antioxidant activity of brown pigmentand extracts from black sesame seed. Food Chem. 91: 79-83 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.051
  32. Zherebin YL, Makan SY, Sava VM, Bogatsky AV. 1982. Processproducing of water-soluble melanin. SU Patent 939446