Abstract
This research is a quest of theories of poetry of Wang Yak-heo who was a literary critic during Chin(金) dynasty in ancient China. Wang Yak-heo left a fine piece of work, dubbed ${\ll}$Honam Yuro Jib${\gg}$ and, in this paper, the author closely reviewed the theories of poetry that is appeared, especially, in the three volumes of ${\ll}$Talks on Chinese Poetry${\gg}$ among the collections of Wang's poetry criticism. In particular, the author investigated the positive and negative aspects of Honam's commentaries on the works by Chinese poets, including his principles of poetics, creative skills, and practical criticism, etc. Wang Yak-heo has not been known much in the history of Chinese literary thoughts, however, his theory of criticism, especially, among the talks on Chinese the works by Chinese poets, his literature criticisms establish unique and distinctive point of views. Wang Yak-heo's poetics, more than anything else, valued nature, meanings, truth, and contents therein. He exhibited realistic view of literature. Meanwhile, he analyzed the methods of expression by Du Bo(杜甫, pronounced, "Du Fu" in Chinese), So Sik, also known as So Dong Pa (蘇軾, Su Shi or 蘇東坡, Su Dong Po in Chinese), and Hwang Jeong-gyeon(黃庭堅, Huang T'ing-chien), and highly evaluated the realistic poems written by Du Bo, Baek Geo-I (白居易, pronounced, "Bai Juyi" in Chinese), and So Sik. Also, he opposed to formalism or externality, however, he never made light of formality of poetry. In his comments on the works by Chinese poets, he highly evaluated the poems sung by So Sik and Beek Geo-I, in the mean time, however, he criticized their works without hesitation. Having set up his own unique criteria for critique, Wang didn't accept other opinions in a seemingly illogical manner, and he presented what he thoughts and other different points of view from others. Specifically, he attached great importance to whether or not modification of words and phrases, grammar, and whole context were congruent to one another and had been well harmonized. However, in his poetics, Wang was so wrapped himself in reasonableness or rationality, he analyzed each and every word in great detailed manner, as the result, he sometimes didn't read the sentiment or mood that the writers intended to express through poems. He excessively restricted himself to the words and phrases, so that he was not able to realize natural emotions and joy of imagination that were presented in the poems, and, in the end, this brought about adverse effects to the poet's thought.
본 연구는 금대 문학 비평가인 왕약허의 시론에 대한 탐구이다. 왕약허는 ${\ll}$호남유로집${\gg}$이라는 대표 저작을 남겼는데, 본고는 그 가운데 ${\ll}$시화${\gg}$ 3권에 나타난 시학이론을 고찰한 것이다. 특히, 시론 원리, 창작 기술, 실제 비평 등 호남시화의 장단점에 대하여 살펴보았다. 왕약허는 중국문학사상에서는 저명한 인물은 아니지만, 그의 비평이론과 시화 가운데 비평이론은 톡특한 견해를 지니고 있다. 왕약허의 시론은 무엇보다도 자연, 의미, 진리, 내용을 중요하게 여겼다. 그는 현실주의적 문학관을 드러내는데, 두보 소식 황정견이 어떻게 다른지 분석하였고, 두보 백거이 소식의 현실주의 시를 높이 평가하였다. 또한 그는 형식주의에 반대하였으나 시가의 형식을 경시하지는 않았다. 그의 시화 비평은 소식과 백거이 등의 작품을 높이 평했으나 비판 또한 서슴치 않았고, 자신만의 독특한 비평 기준을 정하여 다른 사람의 의견을 맹목적으로 받아들이지 않았으며, 자신이 생각하는 바와 다른 점을 제기하였다. 특히 자구의 수식과 문법, 전체 문맥이 잘 조화를 이루는지를 중요시하였다. 그러나 왕약허의 시론은 합리성을 지나치게 중시한 나머지 글자마다 세세하게 분석하여 시가 드러내고자 하는 정취를 간파하지 못하는 경우도 있다. 자구에 지나치게 얽매여 시가 주는 본연의 감정과 상상의 즐거움을 깨우치지 못하고 결국 시인의 시상에 까지 악영향을 끼쳤다.