References
- Beutler B, Jiang Z, Georgel P, Crozat K, Croker B, Rutschmann S, Du X, Hoebe K. Genetic analysis of host resistance: Toll-like receptor signaling and immunity at large. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24: 353-389 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090552
- Takeda K, Akira S. Toll-like receptors in innate immunity. Int. Immunol. 17: 1-14 (2005)
- Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 1: 135-145 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1038/35100529
- O'Neill LA. TLRs: Professor Mechnikov, sit on your hat. Trends Immunol. 25: 687-693 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2004.10.005
- Vogel SN, Fitzgerald KA, Fenton MJ. TLRs: Differential adaptor utilization by toll-like receptors mediates TLR-specific patterns of gene expression. Mol. Interv. 3: 466-477 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1124/mi.3.8.466
- Hajjar AM, O'Mahony DS, Ozinsky A, Underhill DM, Aderem A, Klebanoff SJ, Wilson CB. Cutting edge: functional interactions between toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR1 or TLR6 in response to phenol-soluble modulin. J. Immunol. 166: 15-19 (2001)
- Kawai T, Akira S. Pathogen recognition with toll-like receptors. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17: 338-344 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2005.02.007
-
Kawai T, Akira S. Signaling to NF-
$\kappa$ B by toll-like receptors. Trends Mol. Med. 13:460-469 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2007.09.002 -
Karin M, Greten FR. NF-
$\kappa$ B: Linking inflammation and immunity to cancer development and progression. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5: 749-759 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1703 -
Li Q, Lu Q, Bottero V, Estepa G, Morrison L, Mercurio F, Verma IM. Enhanced NF-
$\kappa$ B activation and cellular function in macrophages lacking I$\kappa$ B kinase 1 (IKK1). P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 12425-12430 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0505997102 -
Hayden MS, West AP, Ghosh S. NF-
$\kappa$ B and the immune response. Oncogene 25: 6758-6780 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209943 -
Rhee SH, Hwang D. Murine toll-like receptor 4 confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness as determined by activation of NF
$\kappa$ B and expression of the inducible cyclooxygenase. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 34035-34040 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M007386200 -
Sato S, Sugiyama M, Yamamoto M, Watanabe Y, Kawai T, Takeda K, Akira S. Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-
$\beta$ (TRIF) associates with TNF receptor-associated factor 6 and TANK-binding kinase 1, and activates two distinct transcription factors, NF-$\kappa$ B and IFN-regulatory factor-3, in the toll-like receptor signaling. J. Immunol. 171: 4304-4310 (2003) - Lin R, Heylbroeck C, Genin P, Pitha PM, Hiscott J. Essential role of interferon regulatory factor 3 in direct activation of RANTES chemokine transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 959-966 (1999)
- Schafer SL, Lin R, Moore PA, Hiscott J, Pitha PM. Regulation of type I interferon gene expression by interferon regulatory factor- 3. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 2714-2720 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.5.2714
- Stetson DB, Medzhitov R. Type I interferons in host defense. Immunity 25: 373-381 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2006.08.007
-
Wietek C, O'Neill LA. Diversity and regulation in the NF-
$\kappa$ B system. Trends Biochem. Sci. 32: 311-319 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2007.05.003 - Honda K, Taniguchi T. IRFs: master regulators of signalling by toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6: 644-658 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1900
- Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Kaisho T, Sanjo H, Kawai T, Hoshino K, Takeda K, Akira S. The roles of two IκB kinase-related kinases in lipopolysaccharide and double stranded RNA signaling and viral infection. J. Exp. Med. 199: 1641-1650 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040520
- McWhirter SM, Fitzgerald KA, Rosains J, Rowe DC, Golenbock DT, Maniatis T. IFN-regulatory factor 3-dependent gene expression is defective in Tbk1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 233-238 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237236100
-
Meylan E, Burns K, Hofmann K, Blancheteau V, Martinon F, Kelliher M, Tschopp J. RIP1 is an essential mediator of toll-like receptor 3-induced NF-
$\kappa$ B activation. Nat. Immunol. 5: 503-507 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1061 - Fitzgerald KA, McWhirter SM, Faia KL, Rowe DC, Latz E, Golenbock DT, Coyle AJ, Liao SM, Maniatis T. IKKepsilon and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway. Nat. Immunol. 4: 491-496 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1038/ni921
-
Pan MH, Lin-Shiau SY, Lin JK. Comparative studies on the suppression of nitric oxide synthase by curcumin and its hydrogenated metabolites through down-regulation of I
$\kappa$ B kinase and NF$\kappa$ B activation in macrophages. Biochem. Pharmacol. 60: 1665- 1676 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00489-5 -
Jobin C, Bradham CA, Russo MP, Juma B, Narula AS, Brenner DA, Sartor RB. Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-
$\kappa$ B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-$\kappa$ B kinase activity. J. Immunol. 163: 3474-3483 (1999) - Brouet I, Ohshima H. Curcumin, an anti-tumour promoter and anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co. 206: 533-540 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1995.1076
- Kang G, Kong PJ, Yuh YJ, Lim SY, Yim SV, Chun W, Kim SS. Curcumin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase- 2 expression by inhibiting activator protein 1 and nuclear factor κβ bindings in BV2 microglial cells. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 94: 325- 328 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.94.325
- Youn HS, Saitoh SI, Miyake K, Hwang DH. Inhibition of homodimerization of toll-like receptor 4 by curcumin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 72: 62-69 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.022
- Tao X, Xu Y, Zheng Y, Beg AA, Tong L. An extensively associated dimer in the structure of the C713S mutant of the TIR domain of human TLR2. Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co. 299: 216-221 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02581-0
- Dinkova-Kostova AT, Massiah MA, Bozak RE, Hicks RJ, Talalay P. Potency of Michael reaction acceptors as inducers of enzymes that protect against carcinogenesis depends on their reactivity with sulfhydryl groups. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 3404-3409 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.051632198
-
Siedle B, Garcia-Pineres AJ, Murillo R, Schulte-Monting J, Castro V, Rungeler P, Klaas CA, Da Costa FB, Kisiel W, Merfort I. Quantitative structure-activity relationship of sesquiterpene lactones as inhibitors of the transcription factor
$NF-_KB$ . J. Med. Chem. 47: 6042-6054 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1021/jm049937r - Afzal M, Al-Hadidi D, Menon M, Pesek J, Dhami MS. Ginger: An ethnomedical, chemical, and pharmacological review. Drug Metabol. Drug Interact. 18: 159-190 (2001)
- Chang CP, Chang JY, Wang FY, Chang JG. The effect of Chinese medicinal herb Zingiberis rhizoma extract on cytokine secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 48: 13-19 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01275-I
- Ippoushi K, Azuma K, Ito H, Horie H, Higashio H. [6]-Gingerol inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in activated J774.1 mouse macrophages and prevents peroxynitrite-induced oxidation and nitration reactions. Life Sci. 73: 3427-3437 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.06.022
- Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Sawan SM, Alnaqeeb MA, KhanI, Ali M. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as apotential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent. Prostag. Leukotr. Ess. 67: 475-478 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1054/plef.2002.0441
- Surh YJ. Anti-tumor promoting potential of selected spice ingredients with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities: A short review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 40: 1091-1097 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00037-6
- Altman RD, Marcussen KC. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 44: 2531- 2538 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2531::AID-ART433>3.0.CO;2-J
- Kiuchi F, Iwakami S, Shibuya M, Hanaoka F, Sankawa U. Inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene biosynthesis by gingerols and diarylheptanoids. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 40: 387-391 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.40.387
- Tjendraputra E, Tran VH, Liu-Brennan D, Roufogalis BD, Duke CC. Effect of ginger constituents and synthetic analogues on cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme in intact cells. Bioorg. Chem. 29: 156- 163 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1006/bioo.2001.1208
-
Kim SO, Chun KS, Kundu JK, Surh YJ. Inhibitory effects of [6]-gingerol on PMA-induced COX-2 expression and activation of NF-
$\kappa$ B and p38 MAPK in mouse skin. Biofactors 21: 27-31 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.552210107 - Kim JJ, Ahn SI, Lee JS, Yun SM, Lee MY, Youn HS. Suppression of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 induced by toll-like receptor 2, 3, and 4 agonists by 6-shogaol. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 40: 332-336 (2008)
- Ahn SI, Lee JK, Youn HS. Inhibition of homodimerization of toll-like receptor 4 by 6-shogaol. Mol. Cells 27: 211-215 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0026-y
- Ooi LS, Li Y, Kam SL, Wang H, Wong EY, Ooi VE. Antimicrobial activities of cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde from the Chinese medicinal herb Cinnamomum cassia Blume. Am. J. Chin. Med. 34: 511-522 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X06004041
- Youn HS, Lee JK, Choi YJ, Saitoh SI, Miyake K, Hwang DH, Lee JY. Cinnamaldehyde suppresses toll-like receptor 4 activation mediated through the inhibition of receptor oligomerization. Biochem. Pharmacol. 75: 494-502 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.033