Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI (전자공학회논문지CI)

The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers (대한전자공학회)
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A Watermarking Scheme Based on k-means++ for Design Drawings

k-means++ 기반의 설계도면 워터마킹 기법

  • Lee, Suk-Hwan (Tongmyong University, Dept. of Information Security) ;
  • Kwon, Ki-Ryong (Division of Electronics, Computer and Telecomm. Eng., Pukyong National University)
  • 이석환 (동명대학교 정보보호학과) ;
  • 권기룡 (부경대학교 전자컴퓨터정보통신공학부)
  • Published : 2009.09.25
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Abstract

A CAD design drawing based on vector data that is very important art work in industrial fields has been considered to content that the copyright protection is urgently needed. This paper presents a watermarking scheme based on k-means++ for CAD design drawing. One CAD design drawing consists of several layers and each layer consists of various geometric objects such as LINE, POLYLINE, CIRCLE, ARC, 3DFACE and POLYGON. POLYLINE with LINE, 3DFACE and ARC that are fundamental objects make up the majority in CAD design drawing. Therefore, the proposed scheme selects the target object with high distribution among POLYLINE, 3DFACE and ARC objects in CAD design drawing and then selects layers that include the most target object. Then we cluster the target objects in the selected layers by using k-means++ and embed the watermark into the geometric distribution of each group. The geometric distribution is the normalized length distribution in POLYLINE object, the normalized area distribution in 3DFACE object and the angle distribution in ARC object. Experimental results verified that the proposed scheme has the robustness against file format converting, layer attack as well as various geometric editing provided in CAD editing tools.

벡터 데이터 기반의 CAD 설계도면은 대부분 산업 분야에서 매우 주요한 저작물로, 저작권 보호 기술이 매우 필요한 콘텐츠로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 k-means++ 기반의 CAD 설계도면 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 하나의 CAD 설계도면은 여러 레이어들로 구성되며, 각 레이어는 폴리라인, 원, 호, 폴리곤 등의 다양한 기하학 객체들로 구성된다. 이들 기하학적 요소들 중 폴리라인 호 및 쿼드폴리곤 객체들은 CAD 설계도면의 기본적인 객체들로 객체 분포의 거의 대부분을 차지한다. 따라서 제안한 기법에서는 설계도면 내에 폴리라인, 쿼드폴리곤 및 호 객체들 중 가장 많은 수를 가지는 객체를 선택한 후, 이들 객체를 많이 분포하는 레이어들을 선택한다. 그리고 선택된 레이어 내에 객체들을 k-means++ 기반으로 그룹화한 다음, 각 그룹내에 기하학 특징 분포에 워터마크를 삽입한다. 이 때 기하학 특징 분포로는 폴리라인의 정규화된 길이 분포, 쿼드폴리곤의 정규화된 면적 분포 및 호의 각도 분포이다. 실험 결과로부터 제안한 기법이 CAD 도면툴 상에서 제공하는 다양한 기하학 편집과 파일포맷변환, 레이어 공격 등에 대하여 강인함을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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