Characterization and Functional Properties of an Oat Gum Extracted from a Drought Harvested Oat (Avena sativa)

  • 발행 : 2009.08.31

초록

An oat gum was extracted from whole seeds of a drought harvested oat (Avena sativa). Oat gum presented a ${\beta}-glucan$ content of 65%(w/w) and an intrinsic viscosity of 141 mL/g. Gelling capability of oat gum at different concentrations was investigated. Gel hardness increased from 0.08 to 0.25 N as the oat gum concentration changed from 5 to 10%(w/v). Whippability, foam stability, emulsion stability, and reduced viscosity of oat gum at different pH were also investigated. Oat gum whippability was maximum at pH 7 (146%), while the higher foam and emulsion stability values were found at pH 9 (88 and 96%, respectively). The gum reduced viscosity increased from 715 to 958 mL/g as the pH changed from 7 to 9. Oat gum shows great potential as a gel forming, thickening, and stabilizing agent.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Cui SW. Polysaccharide Gums from Agricultural Products. Processing, Structures, and Functionality. Technomic Publishing, Lancaster, PA, USA. pp. 252-258 (2001)
  2. Izydorczyk MS, Macri LJ, MacGregor AW. Structure and physicochemical properties of barley non-starch polysaccharides. I. Water-extractable $\beta$-glucan and aribinoxylans. Carbohyd. Polym. 35: 249-258 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(97)00137-9
  3. Miller SS, Wood PJ, Pietrzak LN, Fulcher RG. Mixed linkage $\beta$-glucan. Protein content, and kernel weight in Avena species. Cereal Chem. 70: 231-233 (1993)
  4. Klopfenstein CF, Hoseney RC. Cholesterol lowering effect of $\beta$-glucan enriched bread. Nutr. Rep. Int. 36: 1091-1098 (1987)
  5. Kalra S, Jood S. Effect of dietary barley $\beta$-glucan on cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions in rats. J. Cereal Sci. 31: 141-145 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.1999.0290
  6. Brennan CS, Cleary LJ. The potential use of cereal (1→3), (1→4)-$\beta$-D-glucan as functional food ingredients. J. Cereal Sci. 42: 1-13 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2005.01.002
  7. Skendi A, Biliaderis CG, Lazaridou A, Izydorczyk MS. Structure and rheological properties of water soluble β-glucan from oat cultivars of Avena sativa and Avena bysantina. J. Cereal Sci. 38: 15-31 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(02)00137-6
  8. Ramos-Chavira NC, Holgu$\'{\i}$n AL, Marquez-Escalante J, Ponce de Le$\'{o}$n N, Rasc$\'{o}$n-Chu A, Santana V, Salmer$\'{o}$n J, Carvajal-Mill$\'{a}$n E. Extraction and partial characterization of water soluble $\beta$-glucan from oat flour. pp. 4-73. In: Proceedings of the $2^{nd}$ International Congress on Food Science & Food Biotechnology in Developing Countries. October 16, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. Mexican Association of Food Science, AMECA AC, Mexico (2006)?ĀĀ턄돀჆?⨀塨?⨀烦?⨀꤄돐?⨀쁖잖⨀飦?⨀脄덐꣦?⨀耄怄멦Θ뀿䥮獴楴畴攠潦⁅汥捴物捡氠慮搠䕬散瑲潮楣猠䕮杩湥敲猬⁉湣
  9. AOAC. Official Method of Analysis of AOAC Intl. $9^{th}$ ed. Method 30-40. Association of Official Analytical Communities, Arlington, VA, USA (2002)
  10. McCleary BV, Gibson TS, Mugford DC. Measurement of total starch in cereal products by amyloglucosidase-$\alpha$-amylase method: Collaborative study. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int. 80: 571-579 (2007)
  11. McClearly BV, Glennie-Holmes M. Enzymic quantification of (1→3), (1→4)-$\beta$-D-glucan in barley and malt. J. I. Brewing 91: 285-295 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2050-0416.1985.tb04345.x
  12. Carvajal-Millan E, Rasc$\'{o}$n-Chu A, Marquez-Escalante J, Ponce de Leon N, Micard V, Gardea A. Maize bran gum: Characterization and functional properties. Carbohyd. Polym. 69: 280-285 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.10.006
  13. Vansteenkiste E, Babot C, Rouau X, Micard V. Oxidative gelation of feruloylated arabinoxylan as affected by protein. Influence on protein enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Hydrocolloid 18: 557-564 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2003.09.004
  14. Bradford M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
  15. AACC. Approved Method of the AACC. $10^{th}$ ed. Method 26-10. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN, USA (2000)
  16. Lazaridou A, Biliaderis CG, Izydorczyk MS. Molecular size effects on rheological properties of oat $\beta$-glucans in solutions and gels. Food Hydrocolloid 17: 693-712 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-005X(03)00036-5
  17. Carvajal-Mill$\'{a}$n E, Guigliarelli B, Belle V, Rouau X, Micard V. Storage stability of arabinoxylan gels. Carbohyd. Polym. 59: 181-188 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.09.008
  18. Temelli F. Extraction and functional properties of barley $\beta$-glucan as affected by temperature and pH. J. Food Sci. 62: 1194-1198 (1997) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb12242.x
  19. Grausgruber H, Scheiblauer J, Sch$\"{o}$nlechner R, Ruckenbauer P, Berghofer E. Variability in chemical composition and biologically active constituents of cereals. Vol. I, pp. 23-26. In: Genetic Variation for Plant Breeding. Vollmann J, Grausgruber H, Ruckenbauer P (eds). Eucarpia and Boku Press, Inc., Vienna, Austria (2004)
  20. Peterson DM, Wesenberg DM, Burrup DE, Erickson CA. Relationships among agronomic traits and grain composition in oat genotypes grown in different enviroments. Crop Sci. 45: 1249-1255 (2005) https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.0063
  21. Colleoni-Sirghie M, Kovalenko IV, Briggs JL, Fulton B, White PJ. Rheological and molecular properties of water soluble (1,3) (1,4)-$\beta$-D-glucans from high-$\beta$-glucan and traditional oat lines. Carbohyd. Polym. 5: 439-447 (2003)
  22. Wojdy${\l}$o A, Oszmai$\~{n}$ski J. Comparison of the content phenolic acid, $\alpha$-tocopherol, and they antioxidant activity in oat naked and weeded. J. Environ. Agr. Food Chem. 6: 1980-1988 (2007)
  23. Beer MU, Arrigoni E, Amado R. Extraction of oat gum from oat bran: Effects of process on yield, molecular weight distribution, viscosity, and (1→3), (1→4)-$\beta$-D-glucan content of the gum. Cereal Chem. 73: 58-62 (1996)
  24. Doublier JL, Wood PJ. Rheological properties of aqueous solutions (1→3), (1→4)-$\beta$-D-glucan from oats (Avena sativa L.). Cereal Chem. 72: 335-340 (1995)
  25. Anderson JW, Chen WJL. Cholesterol-lowering properties of oat products. Vol. I, pp. 309-333. In: Oats: Chemistry and Technology. Webster H (ed). American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN, USA (1986)