Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research (대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지)

The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engineering (대한의용생체공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Measurement of Magnetic Flux and Induced Current in Magnetic Stimulation for Urinary Incontinence Treatment

요실금 치료용 자기 자극기의 자속밀도 및 유도전류 측정

  • Han, Byung-Hee (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Choi, Kyung-Moo (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Cho, Min-Hyoung (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Yeol (Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University)
  • 한병희 (경희대학교 동서의료공학과) ;
  • 최경무 (경희대학교 동서의료공학과) ;
  • 조민형 (경희대학교 동서의료공학과) ;
  • 이수열 (경희대학교 동서의료공학과)
  • Published : 2009.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A simple method for measuring magnetic flux and induced current in magnetic nerve stimulation for urinary incontinence treatment is proposed. Unlike electric nerve stimulation, direct measurement of the induced current in magnetic nerve stimulation is impossible. Since induced currents stimulate nerves or muscles in magnetic nerve stimulation, measuring induced current is very important in validating stimulation efficacy and securing safety. The magnetic flux measuring system is composed of 6 layers with pick-up coils of 7 by 7 in each layer, and the induced current measuring system is composed of 6 layers with 7 concentric circular coils in each layer. The proposed method can be used in the design or performance test of a magnetic nerve stimulator for many clinical applications such as urinary incontinence treatment, activation of peripheral nerves, and transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Keywords

References

  1. S.-J. Oh, W. H. Park, C. H. Park, J.-S. Paick, J. T. Seo, Y. S. Lee, J. G. Lee, J. Z. Lee, T. Lee, J. B. Lee, and M, S, Choo, 'Prevalence of urinary incontinence and incontinence-related quality of life in Korean women: a population-based study,' J. Korean Continence Society, vol. 7, pp. 73-80, 2003 https://doi.org/10.5213/jkcs.2003.7.2.73
  2. H. J. Song, D. W. Lee, J. Y. Lee, and M. J. Kim, 'Epidemiologic study of urinary incontinence for Korean women over 30 years old,' J. Korean Continence Society, vol. 5, pp. 24-38, 2001 https://doi.org/10.5213/jkcs.2001.5.1.24
  3. J. W. Yarnell, G. J. Voyle, C. J. Richards, and T. P. Stephenson, 'The prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence in women,' J. Epidemiol. Community Health, vol. 35, pp. 71-74, 1981 https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.35.1.71
  4. J. T. Anger, C. S. Saigal, and M. S. Litwin, 'The prevalence of urinary incontinence among community dwelling adult women: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,' J. Urol., vol. 175, pp. 601-604, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)00242-9
  5. N. S. Kim, J. H. Bae, and J. G. Lee, 'Long-term follow-up of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for treating female stress urinary incontinence,' Korean J. Urol., vol. 47, pp. 729-733, 2006 https://doi.org/10.4111/kju.2006.47.7.729
  6. C. K. Doo, J. B. Kim, C. Song, J. H. Kim, J.-B. Choi, K. S. Lee, and M.-S. Choo, 'Changes in overactive bladder symptoms after discontinuation of a successful treatment with antimuscarinic agent: a prospective trial,' Korean J. Urol., vol. 46, pp. 713-718, 2006
  7. H. S. Han, J. I. Kim, and S. S. Park, 'The effect of electrical stimulation and biofeedback for female urinary incontinence,' Korean J. Urol., vol. 42, pp. 1063-1067, 2001
  8. T. Yokoyama, J. Nishiguchi, T. Watanabe, H. Nose, K. Nozaki, O. Fujita, M. Inoue, and H. Kumon, 'Comparative study of effects of extracorporeal magnetic innervation versus electrical stimulation for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy,' Urology, vol. 63, pp. 264-267, 2004
  9. N. Bolukbas, M. Vural, A. Karan, O. Yalcin, and N. Eskiyurt, 'Effectiveness of functional magnetic versus electrical stimulation in women with urinary incontinence,' Eur. Med. Phys., vol. 41, pp. 297-301, 2005
  10. A. C. Wang, Y.-Y Wang, and M.-C Chen, 'Single-blind, randomized trial of pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback-assisted pelvic floor muscle training, and electrical stimulation in the management of overactive bladder,' Urology, vol. 63, pp. 61-66, 2004
  11. J. M. Holroyd-Leduc, and S. E. Straus, 'Management of urinary incontinence in women: scientific review,' J. Am. Med. Assoc., vol. 291, pp. 986-995, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.8.986
  12. A. T. Barker, R. Jalinous, and I. L. Freeston, 'Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex,' Lancet, vol. 1, pp. 1106-1107, 1985
  13. L. A. Geddes, 'History of magnetic stimulation of the nervous system,' J. Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 8, pp. 3-9, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199101000-00003
  14. B. H. Han, I. K. Chun, S. C. Lee, and S. Y. Lee, 'Multi-channel magnetic stimulation system design considering mutual couplings among the stimulation coils,' IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 51, pp. 812-817, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2004.824123
  15. N. T. M. Galloway, R. E. S. El-Galley, P. K. Sand, R. A. Appell, H. W. Russel, and S. J. Carlan, 'Extracorporeal magnetic innervation therapy for stress urinary incontinence,' Urology, vol. 53, pp. 1108-1111, 1999
  16. J. Ruohonen, P. Ravazzani, F. Grandori, and R. Ilmoniemi, 'Theory of multichannel magnetic stimulation: Toward functional neuromuscular rehabilitation,' IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 46, pp. 646-651, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/10.764941
  17. B. H. Han, G.W. Kim, S. H. Lee, M. H. Cho, and S. Y. Lee, 'Multi-channel magnetic nerve stimulation system with small size power supplies,' J. Biomed. Eng. Res., vol. 22, pp. 139-144, 2001
  18. B. H. Han, G. W. Kim, J. G. Kim, T. S. Park, S. Y. Lee, M. H. Cho, J. S. Yang, and J. H. Kim, 'Magnetic nerve stimulation coils with magnetic mirror effect,' J. Biomed. Eng. Res., vol. 23, pp. 287-293, 2002
  19. B. H. Han, S. Y. Lee, J. H. Kim, and J. H. Yi, 'Some technical aspects of magnetic stimulation coil design with the ferromagnetic effect,' Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., vol. 41, pp. 516-518, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02345312
  20. A. Thielscher, and T. Kammer, 'Electric field properties of two commercial figure-8 coils in TMS: calculation of focality and efficiency,' Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 115, pp. 1697-1708, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.02.019
  21. V. W. Lin, I. N. Hsiao, and V. Dhaka, 'Magnetic coil design considerations for functional magnetic stimulation,' IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 47, pp. 600-610, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/10.841332
  22. T. Wagner, M. Gangitano, R. Romero, H. Theoret, M. Kobayashi, D. Anschel, J. Ives, N. Cuffin, D. Schomer, and A. Pascual-Leone, 'Intracranial measurement of current densities induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human brain,' Neuroscience Letters, vol. 354, pp. 91-94, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00861-9
  23. A. T. Barker, 'An introduction to the basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation,' J. Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 8, pp. 26-37, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199101000-00005
  24. K. R. Mills, Magnetic stimulation of the human nervous system, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999, pp. 7-26
  25. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), '510(k) summary for Model 1000 Muscle Stimulator System,' FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health, no. K973096, June 12, 1998, Available: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf/K973096.pdf
  26. J. D. Bourland, G. A. Mouchawar, J. A. Nyenhuis, L. A. Geddes, K. S. Foster, J. T. Jones, and G. P. Graber, 'Transchest magnetic (eddy-current) stimulation of the dog heart,' Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., vol. 28, pp. 196-198, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02441778
  27. L. M. Schradera, J. M. Stern, L. Koski, M. R. Nuwer, and J. Engel Jr., 'Seizure incidence during single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in individuals with epilepsy,' Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 115, pp. 2728-2737, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.06.018
  28. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 'Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-33: Particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis,' in IEC 60601-2-33, 2006
  29. A. Rotenberg, M. G. Harrington, D. S. Birnbaum, J. R. Madsen, I. E. S. Glass, F. E. Jensen, and A. Pascual-Leone, 'Minimal heating of titanium skull plates during 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,' Clin. Neurophysiol., vol. 118, pp. 2536-2538, 2007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2007.08.003
  30. P. Bernardi, M. Cavagnaro, S. Pisa, and E. Piuzzi, 'Specific absorption rate and temperature elevation in a subject exposed in the far-field of radio-frequency sources operating in the 10-900-MHz Range,' IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 50, pp. 295-304, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2003.808809
  31. J. G. Webster, Electrical Impedance Tomography, Bristol, UK: Adam Hilger, 1990, pp. 8-20
  32. K. Yamazaki, T. Kawamoto, H. Fusinami, and T. Shigemitsu, 'On the method of investigating human exposure to nonuniform magnetic field,' Electr. Eng. Japan, vol. 164, pp. 1-11, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1002/eej.20691
  33. R. Scorretti, N. Burais, L. Nicolas, and A. Nicolas, 'Modeling of induced current into the human body by low-frequency magnetic field from experimental data,' IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 41, pp. 1992-1995, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2005.846276
  34. J. P. Reilly, 'Magnetic field excitation of peripheral nerves and the heart: a comparison of thresholds,' Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., vol. 29, pp. 571-579, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02446087