The Effects of Optimal Germination of Somatic Embryos Induced from Mature Cotyledon Explants of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer by Gibberellic Acid

인삼 체세포 배 발아를 위한 $GA_3$의 최적 조건

  • Kim, Young-Chang (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Hong-Woo (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Ok-Tae (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Bang, Kyong-Hwan (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hyun, Dong-Yun (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cha, Seon-Woo (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Hwi (Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 김영창 (충북 음성군 농촌진흥청, 국립원예특작과학원, 인삼특작부) ;
  • 박홍우 (충북 음성군 농촌진흥청, 국립원예특작과학원, 인삼특작부) ;
  • 김옥태 (충북 음성군 농촌진흥청, 국립원예특작과학원, 인삼특작부) ;
  • 방경환 (충북 음성군 농촌진흥청, 국립원예특작과학원, 인삼특작부) ;
  • 현동윤 (충북 음성군 농촌진흥청, 국립원예특작과학원, 인삼특작부) ;
  • 차선우 (충북 음성군 농촌진흥청, 국립원예특작과학원, 인삼특작부) ;
  • 김동휘 (충북 음성군 농촌진흥청, 국립원예특작과학원, 인삼특작부)
  • Published : 2009.08.30

Abstract

Somatic embryos on growth regulator-free medium can be produced directly from cotyledon explants of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. When the embryo developmental stage was torpedo and cotyledon, the germination rate of embryos was quite high on MS medium supplemented with gibberellic acid ($GA_3$). However, the percentage of plantlet formation at the cotyledon stage was higher than that at the torpedo stage. This result demonstrates that the embryo at the cotyledon stage was the most appropriate for increasing germination by $GA_3$. Embryos cultured on medium including four levels of $GA_3$ concentrations (3, 5, 10, or 20 mg/$\ell$) showed all quite high germination rates (87-91%). When the well-developed embryos were continuously cultured on media including high concentrations of $GA_3$ from 10 to 20 mg/$\ell$, the percentage of formation of normal plantlets was lower than that seen under low concentrations from 3 to 5 mg/$\ell$. This treatment of high concentrations resulted in shoots with abnormal shape. The optimal $GA_3$ treatment provides a basis for the efficient method obtaining healthy plantlets derived from ginseng somatic embryos.

Keywords

References

  1. Arya S, Arya ID and Eriksson T. (1993). Rapid multiplication of adventitious somatic embryos of Panax ginseng. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 34:57-162
  2. Butenko RG, Brushwitzky IV and Slepyan LI. (1968) Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in the tissue culture of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Botanicheski Zhurnal. 7:906-913
  3. Chang WC and Hsing YI. (1980). In vitro flowering of embryoids derived from mature root callus of ginseng (Panax ginseng). Nature. 284:341-342 https://doi.org/10.1038/284341a0
  4. Choi KT, Kim MW and Ghin HS. (1981). Root and shoot formation in explant and callus derived from root and cotyledon of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Korean Journal of Ginseng Science. 5:35-40
  5. Choi YE and Soh WY. (1996). The role of excision on somatic embryogenesis from mature ginseng zygotic embryos. Phytomorphology. 46:151-159
  6. Choi YE and Soh WY. (1997). Enhanced somatic single embryo formation by plasmolyzing pretreatment from cultured ginseng cotyledons. Plant Science. 130: 197-206 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(97)00217-3
  7. Choi YE, Yang DC and Choi KT. (1998a). Induction of somatic embryos by macrosalt stress from mature zygotic embryos of Panax ginseng. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 52:177-181 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005971712628
  8. Choi YE, Yang DC, Park JC, Soh WY and Choi KT. (1998b). Regenerative ability of somatic single and multlple embryos from cotyledon of Korean ginseng on hormone-free medium. Plant Cell Reports. 17:544-551 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990050439
  9. Choi YE, Yang DC, Yoon ES and Choi KT. (1999). Highefficiency plant production via direct somatic single embryogenesis from preplasmolysed cotyledons of Panax ginseng and possible dormancy of somatic embryos. Plant Cell Reports. 18:493-499 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002990050610
  10. Kim OT, Kim TS, In DS, Bang KH, Kim YC, Choi YE, Cha SW and Seong NS. (2006). Optimization of direct somatic embryogenesis from mature zygotic embryos of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Journal of Plant Biology. 49:348-352 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03178810
  11. Kishira H, Takada M and Shoyama Y. (1992). Micropropagation of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer by somatic embryos. Acta Horticulturae. 319:197-202
  12. Langhansov$\acute{a}$ L, Konr$\acute{a}$dov$\acute{a}$ H and Van$\check{e}$k T. (2004). Polyethylene glycol and abscisic acid improve maturation and regeneration of Panax ginseng somatic embryos. Plant Cell Reports. 22:725-730 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0750-2
  13. Murashige T and Skoog F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue. Physiologia Plantarum. 15:473-497 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
  14. Proctor JTA and Bailey WG. (1987). Ginseng: Industry, Botany, and Culture. Horticultural Reviews. 9:187-236
  15. Slepyan LI, Brushwitzky IV and Burenko RB. (1967). Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer as an object for introduction into tissue culture. Problems Pharmacology. 21:198-203
  16. Sun TP and Gubler F. (2004). Molecular mechanism of gibberellin signaling in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 55:197-223 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141753
  17. Zhou S and Brown DCW. (2006). High efficiency plant production of North American ginseng via somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants. Plant Cell Reports. 25:166-173 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0043-z