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Characteristics of Pesticide Runoff and Persistence on Agricultural Watersheds in Korea

영농지역에서 작물재배 형태에 따른 농약의 잔류성과 유출특성

  • Park, Byung-Jun (Hazardous Substances Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kwon, Oh-Kyung (Hazardous Substances Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Kyoung (Hazardous Substances Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Bea (Hazardous Substances Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Ho (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Yoon, Soon-Kang (Planning & Coordination Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Shim, Jae-Han (Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, college of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Hong, Moo-Gi (Hazardous Substances Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science)
  • 박병준 (국립농업과학원 유해물질과) ;
  • 권오경 (국립농업과학원 유해물질과) ;
  • 김진경 (국립농업과학원 유해물질과) ;
  • 김진배 (국립농업과학원 유해물질과) ;
  • 김진호 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 윤순강 (국립농업과학원 기획조정과) ;
  • 심재한 (전남대학교 응용생물공학부) ;
  • 홍무기 (국립농업과학원 유해물질과)
  • Published : 2009.06.30

Abstract

To evaluate the exposure of non-point source pesticide pollution in agricultural watershed and to investigate pesticide distribution and runoff from agricultural land, paddy field, upland and orchard, this experiment was carry out during crop growing seasons. The pesticide were detected twenty pesticides fungicide 4, insecticide 10, herbicide 6) in water of Neungchon agricultural watershed and detection concentrations were range 0.008${\sim}$7.59 ppb. Most of the detection pesticides were using pesticides to rice paddy fields to control fungi, insects, weeds. During the crop cultivation, the pesticide were detected total thirty pesticides by pepper field soil 6, orchard soil 4, sesame field soil 3 and rice paddy field soil 5, and pesticide concentrations were range 0.001${\sim}$0.109 ppm. Especially the herbicides were detected mainly in May and June in the stream water. The pesticide were detected thirty pesticides by fungicide 2, insecticide 6, herbicide 5 in water of Jungam Koseong agricultural watershed and detection concentrations were range 0.01${\sim}$7.21 ppb. In regard to the detected pesticides, the concentration of individual pesticides measured in surface water of the study areas never exceeded guidelines for agriculture chemicals concerning water quality-effluent from paddy fields in Japan (Katayama, 2003). Runoff rate of pesticides was range 0.07${\sim}$3.06 % from Kongju agricultural land to watershed after applied pesticides.

영농지역에서 비점오염원인 농약의 살포가 수질환경에 미치는 영향과 유출량을 평가 하였다. 충북 괴산군 괴산읍 능촌리 일대 폐쇄권역에서 소수계내 물 중 잔류농약은 20종의 성분이 검출되었으며, 살균제 4종, 살충제 10종, 제초제 6종이었고, 검출범위는 0.008${\sim}$7.59 ppb 수준으로 배출수 기준보다 훨씬 못 미치는 수준이었다. 대하천 유입전 소수계 물 중 시기별 잔류농약 성분은 살균제가 5${\sim}$8월, 살충제는 7${\sim}$8월 및 제초제는 5${\sim}$7월에 주로 검출되었고, 밭에 사용하는 농약보다 수도용 농약이 검출 빈도가 높았다. 또한 강우강도가 높을 때는 밭토양의 토사 유출로 밭에 사용하는 농약이 상대적으로 높게 검출되었다. 작물 재배조건별 검출된 잔류농약성분은 고추밭 토양 6종, 과수원 토양 4종, 참깨밭 토양 3종 및 논토양 5종으로 총 13종이 검출되었으며, 검출 범위는 0.001${\sim}$0.109 ppm 수준이었다. 공주시 정암면 고성리 영농지역의 소수계내 물 중 농약잔류성분은 13종(살균제2, 살충제6, 제초제5)의 성분이 검출되었으며 검출범위는 0.01${\sim}$7.21ppb 수준으로 잠정 배출수 기준보다 못 미치는 수준이었다. 농약 종류별 검출양상은 살균제는 5${\sim}$8월, 살충제는 7${\sim}$8월, 제초제는 5${\sim}$6월에 주로 검출되었으며 강우시간별 물 중 농약잔류량은 강우시작 3${\sim}$5시간에 최고농도가 검출되었고 수도용 농약의 검출 빈도가 높았다.

Keywords

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