대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
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초국적 민족주의와 초국적 국가 기구의 부상 -한국의 사례-

Transnational Nationalism and the Rise of the Transnational State Apparatus in South Korea

  • 박경환 (전남대학교 사범대학 지리교육과)
  • 발행 : 2009.06.30
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초록

최근 개발(발전)에 관한 인류학적 지리학적 연구는 특정 민족국가 내의 개발 담론과 이의 제도화 과정을 분석하는 데에 관심을 두고, 개발이 민족국가, 통치성, 재현과 어떻게 접합되어 있는지에 초점을 둔다. 특히, 이러한 연구는 개발 담론이 저개발과 빈곤을 창조하고 고안하는 과정, 과학과 전문 용어를 동원하여 개발이라는 미명 하에 특정 지역에서의 폭력적인 공간적 실천을 정당화하는 과정, 그리고 이러한 과정에서 개발 기구를 제도화하여 국가적 통치 역량을 제고하는 과정을 비판적으로 검토한다. 이러한 연구의 연장선상에서, 본 연구는 한국을 사례로 하여 초국가주의 및 글로벌화와 같은 탈영역화에 따른 국가적 축적의 위기를 초국적 민족주의를 기반으로 하는 재영역화의 전략을 통해 어떻게 극복하는가를 분석한다. 특히, 한국의 재외동포재단을 초국적 국가 기구로 문제 설정한 후, 이 기구가 어떠한 맥락에서 제도화되기 시작했는지, 이 기구가 어떻게 이질적인 디아스포라 주체를 '재외동포'라는 하나의 등질적 집단으로 상상, 생산해 내는지, 그리고 어떠한 프로그램을 통해 그들의 자원과 네트워크를 모국의 기회로 전유하는지에 초점을 둔다.

Recent studies on development are increasingly focusing on analyzing development discourse and de constructing its institutionalization process in the nation-state. By pushing up the limit of the research on development, these studies particularly emphasize how development is articulated with the nation-state, its governmentality, and various representations. These studies overall consider development a powerful discourse, which invents under-development, mobilizes resources for changing particular space, and institutionalizes modem systems of socio-spatial control at a local scale. In this sense, it is particularly interesting to look at how the nation-state, faced with the deterritorialization of labor and capital, reterritorializes overseas resources and networks for the purpose of development. By problematizing the Overseas Koreans Foundation as a transnational state apparatus, this paper interrogates the way in which its institutionalized practices conjure up the national imagination, ethnic solidarity, and collective allegiance to the homeland in diaspora communities. This paper conclusively reports that the state apparatus circulates the discourse of transnational nationalism in Korean diaspora so as to appropriate their resources and networks for securing foreign currencies and investment in the homeland.

키워드

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