The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy

The Korean Society of Physical Therapy (대한물리치료학회)
권호 표지

The Effect of Training Using Virtual Reality System on Sitting Balance and Activities of Daily Living for the Patient with Spinal Cord Injury

가상현실 시스템(Virtual Reality System)을 이용한 훈련이 척수손상환자의 앉기 균형 및 일상생활동작에 미치는 영향

  • Chung, Jae-Hoon (Department of Physical Therapy, National Rehabilitation Center)
  • 정재훈 (국립재활원 물리치료실)
  • Received : 2009.03.02
  • Accepted : 2009.06.04
  • Published : 2009.06.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study was examined the effect of training using a Virtual Reality System on the sitting balance and Activities of Daily Living for patients with a spinal cord injury. Methods: The subjects were divided into an experimental (6 persons) and control group (5 persons). The experimental group trained the 5 programs, three times per week for 6 weeks using the Virtual Reality System and five days for week using conventional physical therapy. The control group trained five days for a week using conventional physical therapy. Results: The difference in the mean Spinal Cord Independence Measurement (SCIM) score in the experimental and control groups was increased to 8.33 and 6.60 (p=0.79), respectively. The difference in the mean functional reaching test in experimental and control group increased to 4.21 and 1.09 (p=0.25), respectively. The difference in the mean sitting time in experimental and control group increased to 41.05 and 10.33 (p=0.66), respectively. There was a difference in the mean of all variances but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that training using the Virtual Reality System increased the SCIM, functional reaching test and sitting time in people with a spinal cord injury.

Keywords

References

  1. Chung NS, Chung CK, Lee WC et al. Estimation of incidence rate and factors related to occurrence of traumatic spinal cord injury in seoul. J Korean Acad Univ Trainde Phys Therapists. 1999;6(2):1-15.
  2. Nam YH, Juhn YS, Sung IY et al. Current stautu on 110 members in the korean welfare association of spinal cord disabled. J Korean Acad Rehab Med. 1985;9(2):120-5.
  3. Nashner LM. Evaluation of postural stability, movement and control. In: Clinical Exercise Physiology, Philadelphia, Mosby, 1994.
  4. Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Kidd S et al. Risk factors for recurrent nonsyncopal falls. A prospective study. JAMA. 1989;261(18):2663-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.261.18.2663
  5. Judge JO, King MB, Whipple R et al. Dynamic balance in older persons: effects of reduced visual and proprioceptive input. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995;50(5):263-70.
  6. Kaminski TR, Bock C, Gentile AM. The coordination between trunk and arm motion during pointing movements. Exp Brain Res. 1995;106(3):457-66.
  7. Dean C, Shepherd R, Adams R. Sitting balance I: trunk-arm coordination and the contribution of the lower limbs during self-paced reaching in sitting. Gait Posture. 1999;10(2):135-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(99)00026-0
  8. Pigeon P, Yahia LH, Mitnitski AB et al. Superposition of independent units of coordination during pointing movements involving the trunk with and without visual feedback. Exp Brain Res. 2000;131(3):336-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002219900267
  9. Seelen HA, Vuurman EF. Compensatory muscle activity for sitting posture during upper extremity task performance in paraplegic persons. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1991;23(2):89-96.
  10. Janssen-Potten YJ, Seelen HA, Drukker J et al. Postural muscle responses in the spinal cord injured persons during forward reaching. Ergonomics. 1999;42(9):1200-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401399185081
  11. Schmitz T. Traumatic spinal cord injury. In: O'SullivanS, Schmitz T, eds, Physical Rehabilitation and assessment and treatment, Philadelphia, FA Davis, 1994:533-76.
  12. Bolin I, Bodin P, Kreuter M. Sitting position-posture and performance in C5-C6 tetraplegia. Spinal Cord. 2000;38(7):425-34. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101031
  13. Janssen-Potten YJ, Seelen HA, Drukker J et al. Chair configuration and balance control in persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81(4):401-8. https://doi.org/10.1053/mr.2000.3859
  14. Aissaoui R, Boucher C, Bourbonnais D et al. Effect of seat cushion on dynamic stability in sitting during a reaching task in wheelchair users with paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(2):274-81. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.19473
  15. Christiansen C, Abreu B, Ottenbacher K et al. Task performance in virtual environments used for cognitive rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(8):888-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(98)90083-1
  16. Grealy MA, Johnson DA, Rushton SK. Improving cognitive function after brain injury: the use of exercise and virtual reality. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(6):661-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90169-7
  17. Rose FD, Brooks BM, Attree EA et al. A preliminary investigation into the use of virtual environments in memory retraining after vascular brain injury: indications for future strategy? Disabil Rehabil. 1999;21(12):548-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/096382899297206
  18. Rizzo AA, Buckwalter JG, Humphrey L et al. The Virtual classroom: A virtual reality environment for the assessment and rehabilitation of attention deficits. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2000;3:483-99. https://doi.org/10.1089/10949310050078940
  19. Kim JH, Kim CS. Effects of virtual reality program on standing balance in chronic stroke patients. J Korean Soc Phys Ther. 2005;17(3):351-7.
  20. Cunningham D, Krishack M. Virtual reality promotes visual and cognitive function in rehabilitation. Cyberpsychol Behav. 1999;2(1):19-23. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1999.2.19
  21. Schultheis MT, Rizzo AA. The application of virtual reality technology in rehabilitation. Rehabil Psychol. 2001;46(3):296-311. https://doi.org/10.1037/0090-5550.46.3.296
  22. Catz A, Itzkovic, Steinberg F et al. The Catz-Itzkovic SCIM : A revised version of the spinal Cord Independence Measure. Disabil Rehabil. 2001;23(6):263-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/096382801750110919
  23. Warren, M. Evaluation and treatment of visual deficits. In: Pedritti LW, eds, Occupational Therapy, Baltimore, Mosby, 2006:198-211.
  24. Horak FB. Clinical measurement of postural control in adults. Phys Ther. 1987;67(12):1881-5.
  25. Allison L. Balance disorders. In: Umphred DA, 3rd eds, Neurological Rehabilitation, Baltimore, Mosby, 1995;803-33.
  26. Duncan PW, Weiner DK, Chandler J et al. Functional reach: A new clinical measure of balance. J Gerontol. 1990;45(6):192-7.
  27. Lunch SM. Leahy P, Barker SP. Reliability of measurements obtained with a modified functional reach test in subjects with spinal cord injury. Phys Ther. 1998;78(2):128-33.
  28. Kim YR, Min WK. The inter- and intra-rater reliability of the functional reach test in subjects with spinal cord injury. J Korean Acad Univ Trainde Phys Therapists. 1999;6(3):51-8.
  29. Janssen-Potten YJ, Seelen HA, Drukker J et al. The effect of footrests on sitting balance in paraplegic subjects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(5):642-8. https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.32437
  30. Chen CL, Yeung KT, Bih LI et al. The relationship between sitting stability and functional performance in patients with paraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84(9):1276-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00200-4
  31. Minkel JL. Seating and mobility considerations for people with spinal cord injury. Phys Ther. 2000;80(7):701-9.
  32. Gaal RP, Rebholtz N, Hotchkiss RD et al. Wheelchair rider injuries: causes and consequences for wheelchair design and selection. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1997;34(1):58-71.
  33. Kim YH, Park JW, Woo YK et al. Correlation between Clinical Balance Scores and Posturographic Assessment using Virtual Reality in Patients with Stoke. The New Medical Journal. 2003;46(11):54-64.
  34. Wernick-Robinson M, Krebs DE, Giorgetti MM. Functional reach: Does it really measure dynamic balance? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(3):262-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90136-3
  35. Betker AL, Szturm T, Moussavi ZK et al. Video game–based exercises for balance rehabilitation: a single-subject design. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(8):1141-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.04.010