References
- Loe H, Theilade E and Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965;36:177-187 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1965.36.3.177
- Costerton JW, Stewart PS and Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms: acommon cause of persistent infections. Science 1999;284:1318-1322 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5418.1318
- Darveau RP, Tanner A and Page RC. The microbial challenge in periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 1997;14:12-32 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00190.x
- Socransky SS and Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontol 2000 2002;28:12-55 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.280102.x
- Stende GW and Schaffer EM. A comparison of ultrasonic and hand scaling. J Periodontol 1961;32:312 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1961.32.4.312
- Gellin RG, Miller MC, Javed T, Engler WO and Mishkin DJ. The effectiveness of the Titan-S sonic scaler versus curettes in the removal of subgingival calculus: a human surgical evaluation. J Periodontol 1986;57:672-680 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1986.57.11.672
- Breininger DR, O’Leary TJ and Blumenshine RV. Comparative effectiveness of ultrasonic and hand scaling for the removal of subgingival plaque and calculus. J Periodontol 1987;58:9-18 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1987.58.1.9
- Caffesse RG, Alspach SR, Morrison EC and Burgett FG. Scaling and root planning with and without periodontal flap surgery. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13:205-210 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01461.x
- Buchanan SA and Robertson PA. Calculus removal by scaling/root planningwith and without surgical access. J Periodontol 1987;58:159-163 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1987.58.3.159
- Matia JI, Bissada NF, Maybury JE and Riccetti P. Efficiency of scalng of the molar furcation area with and without surgical access. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1986;6:25-35
- Fleischer HC, Mellonig JT, Brayer WK, Gray JL and Barnett JD. Scaling and root planning efficacy in multirooted teeth. J Periodontol 1989;60:402-409 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1989.60.7.402
- Parashis AO, Anagnou-Vareltzides A and Demetriou N. Calculus removal from multirooted teeth with and without surgical access. I. Efficacy on external and furcation surfaces in relation to probing depth. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20:63-68 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1993.tb01762.x
- Zappa U, Smith B, Simona C, Graf H, Case D and Kim W. Root substance removal by scaling and root planning. J Periodontol 1991;62:750-754 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1991.62.12.750
- Fogel HM and Pashley DH. Effect of periodontal root planning on dentin permeability. J Clin Periodontol 1993;20:673-677 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00714.x
- Fukazawa E and Nishimura K. Superficial cemental curettage: its efficacy in promoting improved cellular attachment on human root surfaces previously damaged by periodontitis. J Periodontol 1994;65:168-176 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.2.168
- Kerry GJ. Roughness of root surfaces after use of ultrasonic instruments and hand curettes. J Periodontol 1967;38:340-346 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1967.38.4.340
- Wilkinson RF and Maybury JE. Scanning electron microscopy of the root surface following instrumentation. J Periodontol 1973;44:559-563 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1973.44.9.559
- Aleo JJ, De Renzis FA and Farber PA. In vitro attachment of human gingival fibroblasts to root surface. J Periodontol 1975;46:639-645 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1975.46.11.639
- Nakib NM, Bissada NF, Simmelink JW and Goldstine SN. Endotoxin penetration into root cementum of periodontally healthy and diseased human teeth. J Periodontol 1982;53:368-378 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1982.53.6.368
- Checchi L and Pelliccioni GA. Hand versus ultrasonic instrumentation in the removal of endotoxins from root surfaces in vitro. J Periodontol 1988;59:398-402 https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1988.59.6.398
- Cheetham WA, Wilson M and Kieser JB. Root surface debridement- an in vitro assessment. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15:288-292 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1988.tb01586.x
- Smart GJ, Wilson M and Davies EH. The assessment of ultrasonic root surface debridement by determination of residual endotoxin levels. J Clin Periodontol 1990;17:174-178 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1990.tb01082.x
- Claffey N, Polyzois I and Ziaka P. An overview of nonsurgical and surgical therapy. Periodontol 2000 2004;36:35-44 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2004.00073.x
- Trenter SC and Walmsley AD. Ultrasonic dental scaler: associated hazards. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30:95-101 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.00276.x
- Arabaci T, Cicek Y and Canakci CF. Sonic and ultrasonic scalers in periodontal treatment: a review. Int J Dent Hyg 2007;5:2-12 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2007.00217.x
- Drisko CH. Root instrumentation: power-driven versus manual scalers, which one Dent Clin North Am 1998;42:229-244
- Flemmig TF, Petersilka GJ, Mehl A, Hickel R and Klaiber B. The effect of working parameters on root substance removal using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler in vitro. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25:158-163 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02422.x
- Young-kyoo Lee. Root surface roughness following mechanical instrumentation in vivo and in vitro SEM study. J Korean Acad Periodontol 1998;28:823-828 https://doi.org/10.5051/jkape.1998.28.4.823
- Young-kyoo Lee. The Effect of a Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scaler with Curette Tip on Root Substitute Removal in Vitro. J Korean Acad Periodontol 2000;30:429- 441 https://doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2000.30.2.429
- Young-kyoo Lee. The Effect of a Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scaler with Curette Tip on Casting Gold Removal in Vitro. J Korean Acad Periodontol 2001;31:531-542 https://doi.org/10.5051/jkape.2001.31.3.531
- http://www.jelenko.com/ENGLISH/alloy_spec/FIRMILAYBOOK.pdf
- Craig RG. Restorative dental materials, 9th ed. St. Louis:Mosby-Year Book, Inc.; 1993:89
- Hildebrand CN and Morse DR. Periodontic-endodontic interrelationships. Dent Clin North Am 1980;24:797-812
- Nyman S, Westfelt E, Sarhed G and Karring T. The role of diseased root cementum in healing following treatment of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15:464-468 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.1988.tb01601.x