우리나라 중서부 해안 경기만 간척지에서 식생변화

Changes in Flora Dynamics on the Reclaimed Tidal Flats of Kyonggi-Bay in the Mid-west Coast of Korea

  • 김은규 (죽전고등학교) ;
  • 정영상 (강원대학교 농업생명과학대학) ;
  • 천소을 (연세대학교 응용과학부 생물자원공학과) ;
  • 주영규 (연세대학교 응용과학부 생물자원공학과) ;
  • 정형근 (연세대학교 환경공학과)
  • Kim, Eun-Kyu (Jukjeon High School) ;
  • Jung, Yeong-Sang (College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Chun, Soul (Department of Bioresources and Technology, Yonsei University) ;
  • Joo, Young-K. (Department of Bioresources and Technology, Yonsei University) ;
  • Jeong, Hyeung-Geun (Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University)
  • 투고 : 2009.06.12
  • 심사 : 2009.08.06
  • 발행 : 2009.08.28

초록

간척후 식생변화를 알기 위하여 우리나라 중서부 해안 간척지에서 식생분포를 조사하였다. 조사대상지는 2002년 간척된 경기만 행담간석지, 체절후 각각 7년, 9년, 18년 된 충남 석문과 대호, 경기만 행담 간척지이다. 신간척지에서 주 식생은 Suaeda japonica이었으며 다른 식생은 드물었다. 기존 간척지에서는 다양한 염생식물과 중성식물이 분포하고 있었다. 신간척지에서는 Salicornia europaea, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica, 그리고 Suaeda maritime 등 4종의 염생선구종식생이 분포하고 있었다. 간척연대가 진전되면서 통성염생식물과 중성식물이 차례로 출현하고 있었다. 기존 간척지에서 다양한 통성염생식물과 중성식물이 복합하여 나타났고, 이들이 선구종 염생식물보다 우점하였으며, Suaeda japonica는 출현하지 않았다. 통성염생식물과 중성식물의 다양성이 높아질수록 선구종염생식물이 감소되는 현상은 식생이 간척후 숙성에 따라 식생이 통성염생식물과 중성식물의 혼합으로 천이되는 것을 시사하고 있다. 간척초기에 신간척지에서는 외부식물의 침입에 따라 식생종의 변화가 빠르게 진행되었다. 통성염생식물과 중성식물은 간척초기에 증가하였으나 선구종염생식물의 상대적 밀도와 빈도는 통성염생식물과 중성식물보다 높았다. 간척후 3년 이후 연구에 의하면 외부식물이 선구종 염생식물이 우점하였다. 이러한 식생의 변화에도 선구종염생식물로 Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima, 그리고 Suaeda glauca, 통성염생식물로 Aster tripolium, Sonchus brachvotus, 그리고 Phragmites communis 등이 간척지에서는 공통적인 주 염생식물으로서의 위치를 점하고 있었다.

Flora distribution was surveyed in the newly reclaimed tidal flats in the west coastal area in Korea to understand changes in flora dynamics after reclamation. The surveyed reclaimed tidal flats were the newly reclaimed tidal flat in Hangdam, the mid Kyonggi Bay in 2002, and three reclaimed lands in Seukmun and Daeho, Chungnam, and Hangdam in Kyonggi Bay, of which reclamation years based on embankment were 7, 9 and 18 years, respectively. In the newly reclaimed tidal flat, the dominant flora was Suaeda japonica and other florae were rare, while various halophytes and glycophytes were distributed in the reclaimed lands. On the newly reclaimed tidal flat, four species of halophytic pioneer florae, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica, and Suaeda maritime occurred, and along with age facultative halophyte and glycophyte occurred sequently. On the reclaimed lands, the florae were more complex with various facultative halophyte and glycophyte, so these were predominated rather than pioneer halophyte, while one of pioneer halophyte that Suaeda japonica was not occurred. Increasing of various facultative halophyte and glycophyte, and decreasing of pioneer halophyte indicated that flora changed toward to increase of facultative halophyte and glycophyte by aged after reclamation. On the newly reclaimed tidal flat the ratio of flora species changed rapidly with the invasion of plant. This implied that the flora had begun to change in the early stage of reclamation. Facultative halophyte and glycophyte started to increase on the early stage of reclamation but relative density and frequency of pioneer halophyte was higher than facultative halophyte and glycophyte. According to the investigation up to 3 years after reclamation, pioneer halophyte predominated on it. Although flora changed, there were common representative halophytes among the reclaimed tidal flats: Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima, and Suaeda glauca as pioneer halophyte, Aster tripolium, Sonchus brachyotus, and Phragmites communis as facultative halophytes.

키워드

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