Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지

Vitamin A and Vitamin E Status of Diabetic Patients and Normal Adults in Korea

제 2형 당뇨병 환자와 정상 성인의 비타민 A와 비타민 E 영양상태

  • Published : 2009.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We evaluated the vitamin A and E status of type 2 diabetic patients and normal adults living in Daegu area. Dietary intakes for two non-consecutive days were measured by 24-hour recall method for 76 diabetic patients and 72 normal adults. Plasma levels of retinol and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol were measured using HPLC method. Dietary intakes of vitamin A were not significantly different between the diabetic and the normal adults. However, the diabetic patients had significantly lower vitamin E intakes than the normal adults. Major food sources for vitamin A intake were red pepper powder and carrot. Half of the subjects from diabetic as well as normal adults consumed less than estimated average requirement of vitamin A. Plasma levels of retinol and tocopherol were maintained within normal ranges for most of the subjects regardless of diabetic status. Dietary intake of vitamin A was associated with vitamin E intake, however, there was no significant correlations between vitamin E intake and plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol levels. It seems that diabetic patients should try to increase dietary intake of vitamin E, as prolonged lower-level intake of vitamin E could eventually lead to vitamin E depletion. Further studies are needed to identify the magnitude of dietary variance at individual and seasonal levels, and to understand the discrepancies in dietary intake and plasma levels before establishing the dietary reference intake based on Korean dietary pattern.

Keywords

References

  1. Strain JJ. Disturbances of micronutrient and antioxidant status in diabetes. Proc Nutr Soc 1991; 50(3): 591-601 https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS19910073
  2. Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications in diabetes: A new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 1999; 48(1): 1-9 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.48.1.1
  3. Faure P. Protective effects of antioxidant micronutrients (vitamin E, Zinc and selenium) in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem Lab Med 2003; 41(8): 995-998 https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2003.152
  4. Thompson KH, Godin DV. Micronutrients and antioxidants in the progression of diabetes. Nutr Res 1995; 15(9): 1377-1410 https://doi.org/10.1016/0271-5317(95)02012-K
  5. Baynes JW. Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes 1991; 40(4): 405-412 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.40.4.405
  6. Moustafa SA. Zinc might protect oxidative changes in the retina and pancreas at the early stage of diabetes rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 201(2): 149-155 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.05.014
  7. Aydin A, Orhan H, Sayal A, Ozata M, Sahin G, Isimer A. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide related parameters in Type II diabetes mellitus: effects of glycemic control. Clin Biochem 2001; 34(1): 65-70 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9120(00)00199-5
  8. Maxwell SR, Thompson H, Sandler D, Leguen C, Baxter MA, Thorpe GHG, Jones AF, Barnett AH. Antioxidant status in patients with uncomplicated insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest 1997; 27(6): 484-490 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1390687.x
  9. Montonen J, Knekt P, Järvinen R, Reunanen A. Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (2): 362-366 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.2.362
  10. Ylonen K, Alfthan G, Groop L, Saloranta C, Aro A, Virtanen SM. Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols in relation to glucose metabolism in subjects at high risk of type 2 diabetes: the Botnia Dietary Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77(6): 1434-1441
  11. Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Mäenpää PH, Korpela H, Kaplan GA, Lynch J, Helmrich SP, Salonen R. Increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus at low plasma vitamin E concentrations: a four year follow up study in men. BMJ 1995; 311(7013): 1124-1127
  12. Kim NE, Kim WK. Effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation on antioxidant status and plasma lipid profiles in Korean NIDDM patients. Korean J Nutr 1999; 32(7): 775-780
  13. Mayer-Davis EJ, Costacou T, King I, Zaccaro DJ, Bell RA. The Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Plasma and dietary vitamin E in relation to incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25(12): 2172-2177 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.12.2172
  14. Czernichow S, Couthouis A, Bertrais S, Vergnaud AC, Dauchet L, Galan P, Hercberg S. Antioxidant supplementation does not affect fasting plasma glucose in the Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (SU.VI.MAX) study in France: association with dietary intake and plasma concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84(2): 395-399
  15. Liu S, Lee IM, Song Y, Van Denburgh M, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE. Vitamin E and risk of type 2 diabetes in the women's health study randomized controlled trial. Diabetes 2006; 55(10): 2856-2862 https://doi.org/10.2337/db06-0456
  16. Havivi E, Bar OH, Reshef A, Stein P, Raz I. Vitamins and trace metals status in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Inter J Vit Nutr Res 1991; 61(4): 328-333
  17. Straub RH, Rokitzki L, Schumacher T, Hillmann C, Palitzsch KD, Scholmerich J. No evidence of deficiency of vitamin A, E, $\beta$-carotene, B1, B2, B6, B12, and folate in neuropathic type II diabetic women. Inter J Vit Nutr Res 1993; 63(3): 239-240
  18. Basualdo CG, Wein EE, Basu TK. Vitamin A (retinol) status of first nation adults with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr 1997; 16(1): 39-45
  19. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary Reference intakes for Koreans. Seoul; 2005
  20. Ministry of Health & Welfare. Report on 2005 National health and nutritional survey. Seoul: Republic of Korea; 2006
  21. Korean Food Research Institute. Handbook of Portion Size for Food Intake Research. Seoul; 1998
  22. Bieri JG, Tolliver TJ, Catignani GL. Simultaneous determination of alpha-tocopherol and retinol in plasma or red cells by high pressure liquid chromatography. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32(10): 2143-2149
  23. Lee RD, Nieman DC. Nutritional assessment. 4th ed., McGraw- Hill; 2007
  24. Machlin LJ Handbook of Vtamins, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 1984
  25. Ministry of Health & Welfare. Report on 2001 National health and nutritional survey. Seoul: Republic of Korea; 2002
  26. Stephensen CB, Gildengorin G. Serum retinol, the acute phase response, and the apparent misclassification of vitamin A status in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72(5): 1170-1178
  27. Ha AW, Kim HM. The study of lipid-peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and the antioxidant vitamins in NIDDM patients with microvascular-diabetic complications. Korean J Nutr 1999; 32(1): 17-23
  28. Kim Y, Mok JH, Na HJ, Han KH, Kim KN, Hyun TS. Nutritional status and dietary intake of vitamin A in primary school children. Korean J Nutr 2001; 34(6): 671-677
  29. Kim YN, Giraud DW, Cho YO, Driskell JA. Vitamin A inadequacy observed in a group of 2- to 6-year-old children living in Kwangju, Republic of Korea. Int J Vit Nutr Res 2007; 77(5): 311-319 https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.77.5.311
  30. Cho SH, Lee OJ, In JG, Choi Y, Ryu R, Park WH. A study on the status of antioxidant nutrients and lipid in the middle-ages Korean men living in Taegu. Korean J Nutr 1995; 28(1): 33-45
  31. Shim JE, Paik HY, Lee SY, Moon HK, Kim YO, Kwon HH, Kim JH. Assessment of vitamin A and E status in Korean rural adult population by dietary intake and serum levels. Korean J Nutr 2001; 34(2): 213-221