Risk Assessment of Fipronil on Honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Fipronil의 꿀벌 (Apis mellifera)에 대한 위해성 평가

  • Kim, Byung-Seok (Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science(NAAS), Rural Development Administration(RDA)) ;
  • Yang, Yu-Jung (Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science(NAAS), Rural Development Administration(RDA)) ;
  • Park, Yeon-Ki (Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science(NAAS), Rural Development Administration(RDA)) ;
  • Jeong, Mi-Hye (Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science(NAAS), Rural Development Administration(RDA)) ;
  • You, Are-Sun (Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science(NAAS), Rural Development Administration(RDA)) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Hun (Department of Crop Life Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science(NAAS), Rural Development Administration(RDA)) ;
  • Ahn, Young-Joon (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
  • 김병석 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 양유정 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 박연기 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 정미혜 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 유아선 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 박경훈 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 안용준 (서울대학교 농생명공학부)
  • Published : 2009.03.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the actual risk of fipronil on worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) through acute contact toxicity test, acute oral toxicity test, toxicity of residues on foliage test, and small scale field test. The $48h-LD_{50s}$ of fipronil SC on honeybee were $0.005{\mu}g$ a.i./bee in acute contact toxicity test and $0.004{\mu}g$ a.i./bee in acute oral toxicity test, respectively. In toxicity of residues on foliage test, fipronil showed over 90% of mortality during 28days after treatment at recommended application rate. The $DT_{50}$ of dislodgeable foliar residue was 9 days. Finally, In small scale field test, fipronil showed similar toxicity in the residues on foliage test. It was concluded that fipronil has very high acute toxicity and long residual toxicity to honeybee. Therefore, fipronil is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. To protect honeybee and wild pollinators from outdoor use of fipronil, ultimately it should need to limit for only indoor use to prevent pollinators from unintentionally exposure of fipronil.

벼농사용 살충제인 fipronil의 비의도적 노출에 의한 꿀벌(Apis mellifera L.)의 피해를 확인하기 위해 급성독성시험, 엽상잔류독성시험, cage를 이용한 소규모야외시험을 실시하였다. 급성접촉독성시험에서 24시간과 48시간의 $LD_{50}$은 각각 0.008, $0.005{\mu}g$ a.i./bee 로 꿀벌에 매우 강한 급성독성을 보였으며 급성위해지수(QHc)는 12,500으로 매우 높은 수준이었다. 엽상잔류독성시험에서는 피프로닐 액상수화제 살포 후 28일까지 90%이상 치사율을 보여 장기간 꿀벌에 독성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이때 fipronil의 표면부착잔류량(dislodgeable foliar residue)을 분석한 결과 $DT_{50}$은 9일, $DT_{90}$은 31일이었다. 야외시험의 결과에서도 28일의 치사율이 40%로 조사되어 실내 엽상잔류독성시험과 유사한 잔류독성을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 fipronil은 꿀벌에 대한 급성독성이 매우 강하면서 장기간의 잔류독성이 있어 잎 표면의 매우 낮은 잔류량으로 꿀벌에 피해를 줄 가능성이 매우 높은 살충제이다. 따라서 재배작물뿐만 아니라 살포지역 인근의 밀원식물에 약제살포시 바람에 날려 오염될 경우 화분매개용 꿀벌과 자연생태계 유용곤충에 위해가능성이 매우 높기 때문에 꿀벌이 왕성한 활동을 하는 시기에는 야외살포를 금지하여야 하며, 궁극적으로 야외생태계 유용곤충을 보호하기 위해서는 실내사용 목적으로만 사용되도록 제한해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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