Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Enhanced Protective Effect of Ultrafine Particles of Red-Ginseng against Phenanthrene-induced Cell Damage

  • Seo, Yoo-Na (Department of Medical Biotechnology, SoonChunHyang University) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Young (Department of Medical Biotechnology, SoonChunHyang University)
  • Published : 2009.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Phenanthrene, one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, has been known to be toxic to the environment. In this investigation, the protective effect of red ginseng on phenanthrene-induced oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using Comet assay in A549 cells. Red ginseng's cytoprotective effect on phenanthrene-induced hemolysis was also investigated. This study's findings show that oxidative DNA damage and hemolysis were significantly prevented by red ginseng treatment. Notably, it was found that pulverizing red ginseng into ultra-fine particles even enhanced its protective effects against DNA damage and hemolysis. The results suggest that particle size reduction seems to effectively enhance red ginseng's pharmacological efficacies.

Keywords

References

  1. Stone V, Nowack B, Baun A, van den Brink N, von der Kammer F, Dusinska M, Handy R, Hankin S, Hasselov M, Joner E, Fernandes TF. Nanomaterials for environmental studies: classification, reference material issues, and strategies for physico-chemical characterisation. Sci Total Environ In press. (2009)
  2. Lanone S, Boczkowski J. Biomedical applications and potential health risks of nanomaterials: molecular mechanisms. Curr Mol Med. 6: 651-663 (2006) https://doi.org/10.2174/156652406778195026
  3. Hong B, Ji YH, Hong JH, Nam KY, Ahn TY. A double-blind crossover study evaluating the efficacy of Korean red ginseng in patients with erectile dysfunction: a preliminary report. J Urol. 168: 2070-2073 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64298-X
  4. Kim JH, Nah SY. Effect of ginsenoside total saponins on experimental irritable bowel syndrome in rats. J Ginseng Res. 29: 94-99 (2005) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2005.29.2.094
  5. Lee JH, Chio SH, Kwon OS, Shin TJ, Lee JH, Lee BH, Yoon IS, Pyo MK, Rhim H, Lim YH, Shim YH, Ahn JY, Kim HC, Chitwood DJ, Lee SM, Nah SY. Effects of ginsenosides, active ingredients of Panax ginseng, on development, growth, and life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. Biol Pharm Bull. 30: 2126-2134 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.2126
  6. Li X, Wang G, Sun J, Hao H, Xiong Y, Yan B, Zheng Y, Sheng L. Pharmacokinetic and absolute bioavailability study of total panax notoginsenoside, a typical multiple constituent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 30: 847-851 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.847
  7. Ko SR, Suzuki Y, Suzuki K, Chio KJ, Cho BG. Marked production of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and compound K by enzymatic method. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 55: 1522-1527 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.55.1522
  8. Lee JH, Choi SH, Nah SY. Study on life span extension efficacy by Korean red ginseng. J Ginseng Res. 31: 210-216 (2007) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2007.31.4.210
  9. Ma Y, Eun JS, Oh KW. Therapeutic effects of ginseng on psychotic disorders. J Ginseng Res. 31: 117-126 (2007) https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2007.31.3.117
  10. Pesch B, Kappler M, Straif K, Marczynski B, Preuss R, Rossbach B, Rihs HP, Weiss T, Rabstein S, Pierl C, Scherenberg M, Adams A, Käfferlein HU, Angerer J, Wilhelm M, Seidel A, Brüning T. Dose-response modeling of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with biomarkers of exposure and effect. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 16: 1863-1873 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0033
  11. Liu Y, Li H, Lin JM. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on octadecyl functionalization of monodisperse magnetic ferrite microspheres for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples coupled with gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. Talanta 3: 1037-42 (2009)
  12. Gianfreda L, Antonietta Rao M, Piotrowska A, Palumbo G, Colombo C. Soil enzyme activities as affected by anthropogenic alterations: intensive agricultural practices and organic pollution. Sci Total Environ. 341: 265-279 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.10.005
  13. Lee EM, Lee SY, Lee WS, Kang JS, Han ES, Go SY, Sheen YY, Kim SH, Park SN. Genetic toxicity test of o-nitrotoluene by ames, micronucleus, comet assays and microarray analysis. Mol Cell Toxicol. 3: 107-112 (2007)
  14. Garaj-Vrhovac V, Gajski G, Trosi I, Pavici I. Evaluation of basal DNA damage and oxidative stress in Wistar rat leukocytes after exposure to microwave radiation. Toxicology 259: 107-112 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2009.02.008
  15. Hartwig A. Role of DNA repair in particle- and fiber-induced lung injury. Inhal Toxicol. 14: 91-100 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1080/089583701753338659
  16. Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res. 175: 184-191 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0
  17. Sul DG, Oh SN, Lee EI. The expression of DNA polymeraseand DNA damage in jurkat cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide under hyperbaric pressure. Mol Cell Toxicol. 4: 66-71 (2008)
  18. Katsu T, Kuroko M, Morikawa T, Sancika K, Fujita Y, Yamamura H, Uda M. Mechanism of membrane damage induced by the amphipatic peptides gramicidin S and melittin. Biochim Biophys Acta 983: 135-141 (1989) https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(89)90226-5
  19. Park SK, Lee MY. Suppressive effect of various antioxidants on melamine-induced oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol. 5: 243-249 (2009)
  20. Park EJ, Ryoo KK, Lee YB, Lee JK, Lee MY. Protective effect of electrolyzed reduced water on the paraquat-induced oxidative damage of human lymphocyte DNA. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 48: 155-160 (2005)
  21. Park SK, Kim YK, Yoon HS, Lee MY. Application of nanotechnology to Korean black-red ginseng: solubility enhancement by particle size reduction. Mol Cell Toxicol. 4: 52-60 (2008)
  22. Hebbel RP, Leung A, Mohandas N. Oxidation-induced changes in microrheologic properties of the red blood cell membrane. Blood 76: 1015-1020 (1990)
  23. Diplock AT. Antioxidant nutrients and disease prevention: an overview. Am J Clin Nutr. 53: 189S-193S (1991)