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Effect of Temperature, Relative Humidity on Germination and Development of Powdery Mildew (Leveillula taurica) on Pepper and Its Inoculation Method

고추 흰가루병균(Leveillula taurica)의 발아특성 및 접종법

  • Kim, Dae-Hyun (Horticultural & Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Jong-Han (Horticultural & Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Sup (Horticultural & Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Han, Kyung-Sook (Horticultural & Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Han, You-Kyoung (Horticultural & Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Hwang, Jeong-Hwan (Horticultural & Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 김대현 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 박종한 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 이중섭 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 한경숙 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 한유경 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과) ;
  • 황정환 (국립원예특작과학원 원예특작환경과)
  • Published : 2009.12.01

Abstract

Pepper powdery mildew, Leveillula taurica is one of the most important pathogens of pepper in the greenhouses and fields in Korea and is becoming a worldwide disease. These experiments were carried out to investigate the optimal germination, disease development conditions, disease incidence and effective inoculation methods of pepper powdery mildew. The incidence of powdery mildew was investigated throughout the country based on the major pepper growing areas in 2009. The average rate of infected leaves ranged from 15.3% to 81.8% in greenhouses and fields. Powdery mildew incidences were more severe in greenhouses than those of fields. The optimal temperature for conidial germination was $25^{\circ}C$ and showed the highest germination at 6 hs after treatment. The range of temperature for germination was $10^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. Temperature of greater than $30^{\circ}C$ and below $20^{\circ}C$ affected the abnormal germination and germ tube elongation. The optimal relative humidity for germination and germ tube elongation was 85% and germination increased as relative humidity increased. Disease development started 8 days after inoculation and showed the highest disease severity at 15 days in greenhouse and field regardless of varieties. Among three different inoculation methods tested the spore dropping method was better than touching with infected leaves and spraying with spore suspension. However, the method has limitation in mass inoculation due to the amount of time consumed.

고추에 발생하는 흰가루병은 전 세계적으로 매년 발생이 늘어나고 있으며, 특히 시설재배에 있어서 가장 문제가 되는 병중에 하나다. 2009년 4월 및 9월에 강원, 충북, 경남 및 전남 등 4지역을 대상으로 흰가루병 발생 실태를 조사하였다. 시설재배지에는 15.3~81.8%(평균 71%), 노지재배에서 16.8~72.3%(평균 46%)의 이병엽율을 보여 시설재배에서 발생이 많음을 볼 수 있었다. 병징은 잎 뒷면에 밀가루를 뿌려 놓은 것처럼 하얗게 분생포자가 퍼져 있고, 아랫잎은 황색으로 탈색되거나 낙엽되었다. 온도에 따른 고추 흰가루병의 분생포자 발아력을 조사한 결과, $25^{\circ}C$에서 처리후 6시간에서 발아율이 35.9%였으며, 습도는 85%에서 38.5%로 발아율이 가장 높았다. 온도 및 습도별로 발아관을 측정한 결과, 온도는 $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서 습도는 85~93%에서 각각 105.8~107.8 ${\mu}m$ 및 79.7~80.3 ${\mu}m$로서 가장 길게 나타났다. 고추 흰가루병을 접종시킨 후 병 진전에 따른 발병도를 조사한 결과 접종 후 8일부터 병징을 보이다가, 15일 후에 병 발병도가 53.3~73%로서 급격하게 높아지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 고추 흰가루병 인공접종 체계를 구축하기 위하여 분무접종, 압착 및 타락방법을 사용한 결과, 분무접종보다는 압착 및 타락방법이 높은 발병도를 나타내었다. 특히 타락방법을 이용한 인공접종에서는 발병도가 72%로서 가장 높은 발병도를 나타내어 병 저항성 검정을 위한 접종방법으로 추천할 만 하였으나, 금후 안정적이고 대량접종을 위해 효율적인 접종방법 개발이 필요하였다.

Keywords

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