Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Body Composition and Nutrients Intake on the Calcaneal Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation in College Students

대학생의 신체계측치와 영양섭취실태가 종골초음파상태에 미치는 영향

  • Jea, Eun-Joo (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Byoun, Kwang-Eui (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Youn, Jung-Eun (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Lee, Byung-Kook (Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Seon (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 제은주 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 변광의 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 윤정은 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이병국 (순천향대학교 환경산업의학연구소) ;
  • 김희선 (순천향대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2009.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of nutritional status measured by the body composition and dietary nutrients intakes with calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation in college students. Total of 886 (462 male and 424 female) students who received health examination in May 2007 participated in this research. Participants bone status was measured by a quantitative ultrasound method and t-score was calculated via WHO guideline. For body composition measurements, body fat, height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Dietary data were collected by a 24-hour recall method. Based on Asia-Pacific standard of WHO, BMI was divided into 3 groups; UW (BMI < 18.5), NW + OW (18.5 $\leqq$ BMI < 25) and Obese group (25 $\leqq$ BMI). Among male students, 2.4% belong to the UW group, 45.0% to the NW+OW group and 52.6% belong to the obese group, bwhile 10.4% of female students belong to the UW group, 71.9% to the NW + OW group and 17.7% of female students belong to the Obese group. Differences among male and female students were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Students with higher BMI showed significantly higher bone health status. Male students did not show any significant differences in nutrients intakes by BMI groups while female students showed the higher intakes of energy, protein, pyridoxin, phosphorus, iron and zinc among NW + OW group than other groups (p < 0.05). The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diet by BMI groups did not show any significant differences in both male and female students. The result of the multiple regression analyses showed that the body fat and bone status was negatively related while energy intake was positively related with the bone status. These results revealed that bone health status was positively affected by BMI but not by body fat. In conclusion, among those who are at their twenties, the period when the bone density becomes maximized, body fat may negatively affect bone health unlike during other life cycle stages.

Keywords

References

  1. Arneson TJ, Melton LJ 3d, Lewallen DG, O'Fallon WM (1988): Epidemiology of diaphyseal and distal femoral fractures in Rochester, Minnesota, 1965-1984. Clin Ortho 234(23): 188-194
  2. Avila MH, Stampfer MJ (1993): Caffeine and other predictor of bone density among per-menopausal women. Epidemiology 4(2): 128-134 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199303000-00008
  3. Barnard MD, Sclalli AR, Hurlock D, Bertron P (2000): Diet and sexhormone binding globulin, dysmenorrhea, and premenopausal symptoms. Obest Gynecol 95(2): 245-250 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(99)00525-6
  4. Bess DH (1996): Calcium and vitamin D nutritional needs of elderly women. J Nutr 126: 1165-1167
  5. Booth FW, Weeden SH, Tseng BS (1994): Effect of aging on human skeletal muscle and motor function. J medicin and Science Ine Sports and Exercise 26(5): 556-560
  6. Choi HJ (2006): The Effects of Dietary Intakes on the Bone Density of Korean Adolescents. MS thesis, Seoul National University
  7. Chung HC, Chang KJ (2006): A study on correlations between dietary nutrients and body composition of college students. J Kor Soc Food Sci Nutr 35(10): 1378-1384 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.10.1378
  8. Cooper L, Clifton-Bligh PB, Nery ML, Figtree G, Twigg S, Hibbert E, Robinson BG (2003): Vitamin D supplementation and bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 77(5): 1324-1329
  9. Donaldson LJ, Cook A, Thomson RG (1990): Incidence of fractures in a geographically defined population. J Epidemiol Com Health 44(3): 241-245 https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.44.3.241
  10. Drinkwater BL, Bruemner BS, Chestnut CH III (1990): Menstrual history as a determinant of current bone density in young athletes. J Am Med Assoc 263(4): 545 -548 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.263.4.545
  11. Edelstein SL, Barrett-Conner E (1993): Relation between body size and bone mineral density in elderly men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 138(3): 683-686
  12. Gillette-Guyonnet RN, Stauber PM, Koehler KM (1996): Associations of fat and muscle masses with bone mineral with bone mineral in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 63(3): 365-372
  13. Gunnes M, Lehmann EH (1995): Dietary calcium, saturated fat, fiber and vitamin C as predictors of forearm cortical and trabecular bone mineral density in healthy children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr 84(4): 388-392 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13656.x
  14. Guney E, Kisakol G, Ozgen G, Yilmaz C, Yilmaz R, Kabalak T (2003): Effect of weight loss on bone metabolism: Comparison of vertical banded gastroplasty and medical intervention. Obes Surg 13(3): 383-388 https://doi.org/10.1381/096089203765887705
  15. Han JH, Cho KH (2002): Correlation between body composition and spinal bone density in young women. J Korean Acad Fam Med 23(2): 215-223
  16. Heanc RP, Callagher JC, Johnston CC, Neer R, Parfitt AM, Bchir MB, Whedon GD (1982): Calcium nutrition and bone health in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 36(5): 986-013
  17. Heany RP, Recker RR, Saville PD (1977): Calcium balance and calcium requirements in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr 30(10): 1603-1613
  18. Hong JY, Choue R (1997): Correlation of dietary vitamin K intake and bone mineral density in postmenopausal woman, Korean J Nutr 30(3): 299-306
  19. Ijuin H, Douchi T, Oki T, Maruta K, Nagata Y (1999): The contribution of menopause to change in body-fat distribution. J 0bstet Gynaecol Res 25(5): 367-372 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1999.tb01178.x
  20. Im SU (2004): Body Composition Changes with Age has Kifferent Impact on the Bone Mineral Density. MS thesis Seoul National University
  21. John JB (1996): Nutritional advances in human bone metabolism. J Nutr 126: 1150-1152
  22. Jeong SW (2000): The relationship between nutrient intake and bone mineral density by use of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. J Korean Acad Fam Med 21(4): 523-532
  23. Khosila A, Atkinson EJ, Riggs BL, Melton LJ III (1996): Relationship between body composition and bone mass in women. J Bone Miner Res11(6): 857-863 https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650110618
  24. Kim MS, Koo JO (2007): Analysis of factors affecting bone mineral density with different age among adult women in seoul area. Korean J Community Nutr 12(5): 559-568
  25. Kim MH, Kim JS (2003): The relationship between body composition and bone mineral density in college women. J Korean Acad Nurs 33(3): 312-320
  26. Kim HY, Cho MS, Kim WY, Kim SH (1986): The effects of dietary protein on bone metabolism in the rats of different ages. Korean J Nutr 19(1): 66-73
  27. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (2003): http://www.kihasa.re.kr
  28. Lee GY, Kim EK, Chun BO (2000): Relationship between lean body mass and bone mineral density in athlete group and non-athlete group. Kor J Sports Sci 9: 675-682
  29. Lee WS, Park HM, Bae DH (2003): Prevalence osteoporosis in korean women. Kor Soc Meno 9(4): 339-346
  30. Mackovic V, Kostial K, Simonovic I, Buzina R, Brodarec A, Nordin BEC (1979): Bone status and fracture rates in two regions of Yugoslavia. Am J Clin Nutr 32(3): 540-549
  31. Melhus, H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, Bergstrom R, Holmberg L, Mallmin H, Wolk A, Ljunghall S (1998): Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 129(10): 770-778 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-10-199811150-00003
  32. Melton LJ III (2001): The prevalence of osteoporosis: gender and racial comparison. Calcif Tissue Int 69(4): 179-181 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-001-1043-9
  33. Metz JA, Anderson JB, Gallagher PN (1993): Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and protein, and physical activity level are related to radical bone mass in young adult women. Am J Clin Nutr 58(4): 537-542
  34. Michaelsson K, Holmberg L, Mallmin H, Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Ljunghall S (1995): Diet, bone mass, and osteocalcin a crosssectional study. Calcif Tissue Int 57(2): 86-93 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298425
  35. Moon HM (1993): Aone-year study of the effects of dietary protein level on the Ca and skeletal metabolism in male rats. MS thesis Ewha Womans University
  36. Na SG (2006): Osteoporosis. Korean J Bone Meta 27(3): 616-716
  37. National Research Council (1989): Recommended Dietary Allowances 10th ed. National Academy Press
  38. Oh HJ, Im CH, Chung HY, Han KO, Chan HC, Yoon HK, Han IK (2000): Effect of obesity on BMD in Postmenopausal women. J Korean Obesity 9(2): 122-127
  39. Oh HJ, Moon WN, Han IK (2000): Effects of obesity on bone mineral density in aged korean women. J Korean Acad Fam Med 21(12): 1560-1567
  40. Radak TL (2004): Caloric restriction and calcium's effect on bone metabolism and body composition in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Nutr Rev 62(12): 468-481 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00019.x
  41. Raisz LG (1988): Local and systemic factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 318(13): 318-818
  42. Reid IR, Ames R, Evans MC, Sharpe S, Gamble G, France JT (1992): Determinants of total body and regional bone mineral density in normal postmenopausal women-a key role for rat mass. J Clin Endocrinol Mctab 75(1): 45-51 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.75.1.45
  43. Reid IR, Plank LD, Evans MC (1992): Fat mass is an important determinant of whole body bone density in premenopausal women but not in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75(3): 779-782 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.75.3.779
  44. Riggs BL, Melton LJ (1992): The prevention and treatment and osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 327(9): 620-627 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199208273270908
  45. Song YJ, Paik HY (2007): Effect of dietary factors on bone mineral density in korean college women. Korean Nutr Soc 35(4): 464-472
  46. Sowers MF, Kshirsagar A, Crutchfield MM, Updike S (1991): Body composition, age and femoral bone mass of young adult women. Ann Epidemiol 1(3): 245-254 https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(91)90003-U
  47. The Korean Nutrition Society (2005): Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Seoul
  48. Valimaki M, Karkkainen M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Laitinen K, Alhave E, Heikkinen J, Impivaara O, Makela P, Palmgr en J, Seppanen R (1994): Exercise, smoking and calcium intake during adolescence and early adulthood as determinants of peak bone mass. BMJ 309(6949): 230-235 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6949.230
  49. Wardlaw GM (1996): Putting body weight and osteoporosis into perspective. Am J Clin Nutr 63(3): 433-481
  50. WHO Technical Report Serie (1994): Assessment of Fracture Risk and Its Application to Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. WHO Study Group : 843
  51. Yano K, Heilbrun LK, Wasnich RD, Hankin JH, Vogel JM (1985): The relationship between diet and bone mineral content of multiple skeletal sites in elderly Japanese-American men and women living in Hawaii. Am J Clin Nutr 42(5): 877-888
  52. Yukawa H, Suzuki T, Shibata H, Amano H, Yasumura S (1998): Relationship between nutrient intake and bone mineral density in an urban community of healthy elderly women. Nip Koshu Eisei Zasshi 45(10): 968-978