Symmetrical Multipartite of Lateral Fabella in a Small Breed Dog

소형견에서 외측 무릎 종자뼈의 대칭적 다분화

  • Cho, Young-Kwon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Bio-Safety Research Institute Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Ki-Chang (College of Veterinary Medicine, Bio-Safety Research Institute Chonbuk National University)
  • 조영권 (전북대학교 수의과대학, 생체안전성연구소) ;
  • 이기창 (전북대학교 수의과대학, 생체안전성연구소)
  • Published : 2009.12.31

Abstract

An 11-year-old, female, Maltese dog was presented with abdominal distension and intermittent slight lameness on left hindlimb. Palpable abdominal pain and purulent vaginal discharge were observed on physical examination. Severe leukopenia with toxic change, and azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyponatremia were identified on blood profile. On radiographs and abdominal sonograms, remarkable soft tissue mass containing echogenic material deviating intestines craniodorsally compatible with pyometra. On stifle radiographs, 4-5 fragmented sesamoid bone (fabella) was identified on both stifle joint with medial patella luxation. Immediate ovariohysterectomy was performed and the patient was recovered well with normal blood work. No specific treatment was attempted to the left hindlimb showing minimal and intermittent lameness. No remarkable abnormal gait was reported for 3-month follow-up period. The fragmented lateral fabella is considered congenital multipartite of lateral fabella not related to the lameness.

복부 팽만과 간헐적인 가벼운 좌측후지의 파행을 나타낸 11년령의 암컷 말티즈견이 내원하였다. 신체검사에서 복부 촉신 시 동통을 호소하였고 농성의 질 삼출물을 나타내었다. 혈액화학적 검사결과 독성변화를 동반한 심한 백혈구감소증, 질소혈증, 고인산혈증, 그리고 저나트륨혈증이 관찰되었다. 복부 방사선검사에서 소장을 앞쪽과 등쪽으로 변위시키는 연부조직음영의 관상구조를 가진 매스가 관찰되었고 복부 초음파검사에서 에코성의 물질이 함유된 종괴는 자궁음영으로 판단되어 자궁축농증으로 진단하였다. 후지의 방사선검사결과 양쪽 무릎에서 내측 슬개골탈구와 외측 종자뼈가 4-5 조각으로 분화된 다분화를 관찰하였다. 환자는 곧바로 난소자궁적출술을 받아 잘 회복되었으며 정상적인 혈액화학 수치를 보였다. 좌측 후지의 파행은 간헐적이고 매우 경미하였으므로 특별한 처치를 하지 않았다. 이후 지금까지 3개월동안 뚜렷한 후지파행은 관찰되지 않았다. 여러조각으로 갈라진 후지의 양측성 외측종자뼈는 선천적인 종자골 다분화로 여겨지며 파행과 직접적인 관련성은 없는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Arbesser E. Division of sesamoids as cause of lameness in the dog. Wein tierarztl Mschr 1974; 61: 144-150
  2. Arnoczky SP, Twin GB. Surgery of the stifle-the patella (part 2). Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1980; 2: 200-207
  3. De Rooster H, van Bree H. Popliteal sesamoid displacement associated with cruciate rupture in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40: 316-318 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1999.tb03088.x
  4. DeAngelis M. Patellar luxations in dogs. Vet Clin North Am 1971; 1: 403-415
  5. Dennis R, Kirberger RM, Wrigley RH, Barr FJ. Handbook of small animal radiological differential diagnosis. In : Appenidicular skeleton. UK: WB Saunders. 2001; 39-63
  6. Evans HE, Christensen GC. Millers Anatomy of the Dog. In:The skeleton. 2^{nd} ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1979; 107-224
  7. Ferguson J. Patellar luxation in the dog and cat. In practice 1997; 19: 174-184 https://doi.org/10.1136/inpract.19.4.174
  8. Harari JS, Person M, Berardi C: Fractures of the patella in dogs and cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1990; 12: 1557-1563
  9. Houlton JEF; Ness MG. Lateral fabellar fractures in the dog: A review of eight cases. J Small Anim Pract 1993; 34: 373-376 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1993.tb02722.x
  10. Owens JM, Biery DN. Raiological Interpretation for the Small Animal Clinician for the Small Animal Clinician. In: Extremities 2^{nd} ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilikins. 1999; 27-58
  11. Park RD. Radiographic evaluation of the canine stifle joint. Compendium of Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian (Small Animal). 1979; 1: 833-841
  12. Read RA, Black AP, Armstrong SJ, MacPherson GC, Peek J. Incidence and clinical significance of sesamoid disease in rottweillers. Vet Record 1992; 130: 533-535 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.130.24.533
  13. Robbinson A. Atraumatic bilateral avulsion of the origins of the gastrocnemius muscle. J Small Anim Pract 1999; 40: 498-500 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1999.tb03004.x
  14. Rochat MC. Emerging causes of canine lameness. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2005; 35: 1233-1239 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.05.003
  15. Sarin VK, Carter DR. Mechanobiology and joint conformity regulate endochondral ossification of sesamoids. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2000; 18: 706-712 https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100180505
  16. Thrall DE. Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. In : Allan GS. Radiographic signs of joint Diseases in Dogs and Cats. 5nd ed. Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. 2007; 317-358
  17. Vaughan LC, France C. Abnormalities of the volar and plantar sesamoid bones in rottweillers. J Small Anim Pract 1986; 27: 551-558 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1986.tb02252.x