Radial Variations of Ray Spacing and Intra-annual Variation of Biseriate Ray Frequency in Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi Woods Grown in Korea

잣나무재와 일본잎갈나무재의 방사방향 방사조직 밀도 및 연륜 내 복열방사조직 출현 빈도수 변이

  • Kim, Nam-Hun (College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
  • 김남훈 (강원대학교 산림환경과학대학)
  • Received : 2009.04.19
  • Accepted : 2009.08.25
  • Published : 2009.11.25

Abstract

Radial variations of ray spacing and frequency of biseriate ray were examined in the woods of most commercially important Korean softwood species of Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi. Ray spacing, or ray number per mm in cross section, averaged 4.6 and 9.0 in Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi, respectively. Thus, rays of Larix kaempferi appeared to be more closely arranged than those of Pinus koraiensis. Ray spacing was the densest around pith, and then slowly decreased toward bark. In tangential section, biseriate ray frequency of Larix kaempferi was higher than that of Pinus koraiensis. Biseriate ray was designated, based on the number of cells of biseriate portion in vertical extent, as the type of B+1 (one cell high), B+2 (two cells high), and so on. The dominated type was B+1 in Pinus koraiensis but B+2 in Larix kaempferi. The biseriate ray types of B+3, B+4, and B+5 were occasionally found in earlywood. Interestingly, even B+6 and B+7 types were observed in Larix kaempferi. In conclusion, it was considered that ray spacing could be used for separating juvenile wood from adult wood. Also, characteristics of ray spacing and biseriate ray might be used for identifying these two species.

주요 국산 수종인 잣나무재와 일본잎갈나무재의 횡단면상 방사조직 밀도 및 접선단면상 복열방사조직 출현 빈도수에 대한 변이성을 조사하였다. 방사조직의 밀도는 잣나무재 4.6개/mm, 일본잎갈나무재 9.0개/mm로 일본잎갈나무재의 방사조직 밀도가 더 높게 나타났다. 또한, 방사조직 밀도는 수 부근에서 높았고, 수피 쪽으로 이행함에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 한 연륜 내에서의 복열방사조직 출현 빈도수는 일본잎갈나무재가 잣나무재보다 높았다. 잣나무재의 복열방사조직은 복열의 수가 1세포고인 것(B+1)이, 일본잎갈나무재는 2세포고인 것(B+2)이 가장 많았다. 일반적으로 복열방사조직의 출현 빈도수는 조재부가 만재부보다 높았는데 일본잎갈나무재의 경우 복열의 수가 6~7세포고에 달하는 것(B+6~B+7)도 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 방사조직 밀도의 변이성은 성숙재와 미성숙재를 구분하는 기초 자료로뿐만 아니라 방사조직의 출현 빈도와 함께 두 수종을 식별하는 자료로도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 산림청

References

  1. Fujiwara, S. and Y. Nakayama. 1978. Distribution of rays and total number of ray cells in stem of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). Mokuzai Gakkaishi 24: 841~845
  2. Giraud, B. 1977. Statistical analysis of wood structure variation as related to distance from the pith in Entandrophragmautile. IAWA Bulletin 4: 71~75
  3. Gray, R. L. 1973. Multiseriate rays in redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) IAWA Bulletin 1: 7~8
  4. Kim, N.-H., S.-M. Kwon, and K.-W. Chun. 2009. Radial variation of rays in two commercial softwoods grown in Korea. Wood and Fiber Science 41(2): 138~144
  5. Kucera, L. and H. H. Bosshard. 1975. The presence of biseriate rays in fir. IAWA Bulletin 4: 51$\sim$56
  6. Lev-Yadun, S. 1998. The relationship between growth-ring width and ray density and ray height in cell number in the earlywood of Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinea. IAWA Journal 19: 131~139 https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001515
  7. Panshin, A. J. and Carl de Zeeuw. 1980. Textbook of Wood Technology, 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New-York
  8. 김남훈. 2009. 잣나무와 낙엽송재 방사조직의 연륜 내 및 축방향 변이성. 목재공학 37(1): 65~72
  9. 島地謙, 須藤彰可, 原田浩. 1985. 木材の組織. 森北出版
  10. 박상진, 이원용, 이화형. 1987. 목재조직과 식별. 향문사